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List of works by Paul Stewart

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and its role in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation

scientific article published on 16 October 2009

11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in differentiating omental human preadipocytes: from de-activation to generation of cortisol

scientific article published in November 2002

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the pre-receptor regulation of corticosteroid hormone action

scientific article

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity predicts the effects of glucocorticoids on bone

scientific article published in August 2003

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 regulates glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle ⬇️

scientific article published on 12 August 2009

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: a tissue-specific regulator of glucocorticoid response

scientific article

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: unexpected connections

scientific article

11β-HSD1 Modulates the Set Point of Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Glucocorticoids in Male Mice ⬇️

scientific article

11β-HSD1 is the major regulator of the tissue-specific effects of circulating glucocorticoid excess

scientific article

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: translational and therapeutic aspects

scientific article published on 23 April 2013

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase blockade prevents age-induced skin structure and function defects

scientific article published on 03 June 2013

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 within muscle protects against the adverse effects of local inflammation ⬇️

scientific article published on 31 August 2016

17-Hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17) is not the enzyme responsible for side-chain cleavage of cortisol and its metabolites

scientific article

25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exert distinct effects on human skeletal muscle function and gene expression ⬇️

scientific article

A comparative quality assessment of evidence-based clinical guidelines in endocrinology

scientific article published on February 2013

A male twin infant with skull deformity and elevated neonatal 17-hydroxyprogesterone: a prismatic case of P450 oxidoreductase deficiency

scientific article published in November 2004

A paradigm shift in the monitoring of patients with acromegaly: last available growth hormone may overestimate risk

scientific article published on 15 November 2013

A pilot randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial of traditional acupuncture for vasomotor symptoms and mechanistic pathways of menopause

scientific article published on January 2012

A switch in dehydrogenase to reductase activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 upon differentiation of human omental adipose stromal cells

scientific article published in March 2002

A switch in hepatic cortisol metabolism across the spectrum of non alcoholic fatty liver disease ⬇️

scientific article

Absence of Cushingoid phenotype in a patient with Cushing's disease due to defective cortisone to cortisol conversion

scientific article published in January 2002

Academic medicine: a faltering engine

scientific article published on February 2002

Acromegaly databases--time for European unification

scientific article published in October 2004

Adrenal corticosteroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and action

scientific article

Adrenal insufficiency: review of clinical outcomes with current glucocorticoid replacement therapy

scientific article published on 10 October 2014

Adrenal suppression in patients taking inhaled glucocorticoids is highly prevalent and management can be guided by morning cortisol ⬇️

scientific article published on 20 August 2015

Altered SMRT levels disrupt vitamin D3 receptor signalling in prostate cancer cells

scientific article

Altered nuclear receptor corepressor expression attenuates vitamin D receptor signaling in breast cancer cells

scientific article published on April 2006

Analysis of the 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 gene (HSD11B2) in human essential hypertension

scientific article published in August 2005

Androgen generation in adipose tissue in women with simple obesity--a site-specific role for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5.

scientific article published in November 2004

Androgen receptor-mediated regulation of the alpha-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel in human kidney

scientific article published on 19 September 2005

Antiproliferative signalling by 1,25(OH)2D3 in prostate and breast cancer is suppressed by a mechanism involving histone deacetylation

scientific article published in January 2003

Apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome: an overview

scientific article (publication date: October 2004)

Assessing the HPA axis in patients with pituitary disease: a UK survey

scientific article published in January 2006

Association studies between the HSD11B2 gene (encoding human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2), type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy

scientific article published in April 2002

Autocrine metabolism of vitamin D in normal and malignant breast tissue

scientific article

Biochemistry and physiology of hexose-6-phosphate knockout mice

scientific article published on 10 December 2010

Biomarkers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in mice lacking 11β-HSD1 and H6PDH ⬇️

scientific article

Can licorice lick colon cancer?

scientific article published on April 2009

Case for the wider adoption of mass spectrometry-based adrenal steroid testing, and beyond

scientific article published in December 2014

Cell-intrinsic regulation of murine dendritic cell function and survival by prereceptor amplification of glucocorticoid

scientific article published on 30 September 2013

Cerebrospinal fluid corticosteroid levels and cortisol metabolism in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a link between 11beta-HSD1 and intracranial pressure regulation?

scientific article published on 8 September 2010

Characterisation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human orbital adipose tissue: a comparison with subcutaneous and omental fat. ⬇️

scientific article published on February 2007

Characterisation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from a murine model of joint inflammation ⬇️

scientific article published on 29 January 2013

Characterisation of the prereceptor regulation of glucocorticoids in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye

scientific article published on 01 August 2006

Circulating cortisone levels are associated with biochemical markers of bone formation and lumbar spine BMD: the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

scientific article published in June 2005

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by mutant P450 oxidoreductase and human androgen synthesis: analytical study

scientific article

Corticosteroid insufficiency in acutely ill patients

scientific article

Cortisol metabolism in hypertension

scientific article published on September 2006

Cortisol, 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and central obesity

scientific article published in April 2002

Cortisone-reductase deficiency associated with heterozygous mutations in 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.

scientific article

Cushing's syndrome in women with polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism

scientific article published in November 2007

Dehydroepiandrosterone exerts antiglucocorticoid action on human preadipocyte proliferation, differentiation, and glucose uptake ⬇️

scientific article published on 10 September 2013

Deletion of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activates the unfolded protein response pathway and induces skeletal myopathy

scientific article

Demonstration of proof of mechanism and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic relationship with 4'-cyano-biphenyl-4-sulfonic acid (6-amino-pyridin-2-yl)-amide (PF-915275), an inhibitor of 11 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, in cynomolgus monkeys

scientific article

Depot-specific prostaglandin synthesis in human adipose tissue: a novel possible mechanism of adipogenesis

scientific article published on 10 June 2006

Diagnosis and treatment of ACTH deficiency

scientific article (publication date: 2005)

Diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: from screening to subtype differentiation

scientific article

Differential expression, function and response to inflammatory stimuli of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in human fibroblasts: a mechanism for tissue-specific regulation of inflammation ⬇️

scientific article published on January 2006

Differential glucocorticoid metabolism in patients with persistent versus resolving inflammatory arthritis ⬇️

scientific article published on 14 May 2015

Diminished 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity is associated with decreased weight and weight gain across the first year of life

scientific article

Dissociation of serum dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in septic shock

scientific article

Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular mass and aortic stiffness in early-stage chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial.

scientific article published in August 2009

Effect of spironolactone on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with early stage chronic kidney disease

scientific article published on November 2010

Efficacy of Sandostatin LAR (long-acting somatostatin analogue) is similar in patients with untreated acromegaly and in those previously treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy

scientific article published in March 2004

Exploring Inpatient Hospitalizations and Morbidity in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency

scientific article

Exploring the pathogenesis of IIH: an inflammatory perspective

scientific article published on 03 August 2008

Expression and distribution of the serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase and the epithelial sodium channel subunits in the human cornea

scientific article published on July 2003

Expression and functional consequences of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human insulinomas

scientific article published on December 2007

Expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes in human osteosarcoma: potential role in pathogenesis and as targets for treatments

scientific article

Expression of renal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 is decreased in patients with impaired renal function

scientific article published in August 2005

Expression profiles for steroidogenic enzymes in adrenocortical disease

scientific article published on 28 June 2005

Extensive experience in the management of macroprolactinomas

scientific article published on 13 March 2014

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) remains a pre-eminent discovery tool in clinical steroid investigations even in the era of fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).

scientific article

Gender-Specific Differences in Skeletal Muscle 11β-HSD1 Expression Across Healthy Aging

scientific article published on 19 May 2015

Genotype at the P554L variant of the hexose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase gene is associated with carotid intima-medial thickness ⬇️

scientific article

Glucocorticoid modulation of insulin signaling in human subcutaneous adipose tissue

scientific article published on 21 August 2007

Glucocorticoid regulation of p450 aromatase activity in human adipose tissue: gender and site differences

scientific article

Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in human decidua: a novel role for 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in late gestation

scientific article published in October 2007

Glucocorticoids and 11β-HSD1 are major regulators of intramyocellular protein metabolism ⬇️

scientific article published on 05 April 2016

Glucocorticoids and bone mineral content in the childhood nephrotic syndrome

scientific article published in December 2004

Glucocorticoids fail to cause insulin resistance in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo

scientific article published on 20 February 2013

Health Care Burden in Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency

scientific article published on 12 April 2017

Hepatic 11beta-HSD1 mRNA expression in fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

scientific article published in April 2009

Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Contributes to Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis Independent of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 ⬇️

scientific article published on November 24, 2010

Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase confers oxo-reductase activity upon 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.

scientific article published in June 2005

Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase knock-out mice lack 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-mediated glucocorticoid generation

scientific article published on 15 December 2005

High throughput LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of multiple vitamin D analytes in serum

scientific article published on 2 February 2016

How should we rate research?

scientific article published on April 2006

Human Delta4-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) deficiency and steroid metabolism

scientific article

Hyperandrogenemia predicts metabolic phenotype in polycystic ovary syndrome: the utility of serum androstenedione

scientific article published on January 2014

Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle

scientific article (publication date: June 2003)

Hypoglycemia with enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis in recombinant mice lacking hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

scientific article published on 6 September 2007

Hypopituitarism: clinical features, diagnosis, and management

scientific article

IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and ALS in adult patients with chronic kidney disease

scientific article published on 22 November 2009

Identification of VDR-responsive gene signatures in breast cancer cells

scientific article

Immediate versus modified release hydrocortisone in mitotane-treated patients with adrenocortical cancer

scientific article

Immunofluorescent visualisation of focal adhesion kinase in human skeletal muscle and its associated microvasculature.

scientific article

Impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance are associated with increased adipose 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression and elevated hepatic 5alpha-reductase activity ⬇️

scientific article published on 15 July 2008

Improving clinical research ⬇️

scientific article published on November 1, 2003

Improving outcomes in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a review of current and future treatments

scientific article published on 09 June 2014

Increased 5 alpha-reductase activity and adrenocortical drive in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

scientific article

Increased expression of mineralocorticoid effector mechanisms in kidney biopsies of patients with heavy proteinuria

scientific article

Induction of hepatic 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in patients with alcoholic liver disease

scientific article published on 19 November 2007

Inflammatory regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism in mesenchymal stromal cells ⬇️

scientific article published on July 2012

Inherited forms of mineralocorticoid hypertension

scientific article published on June 2011

Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in vivo limits glucocorticoid exposure to human adipose tissue and decreases lipolysis

scientific article published on 2 January 2007

Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 with RO5093151 for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

scientific article published on 17 February 2014

Investigating hypertension in a young person

scientific article published on 06 April 2009

Is subclinical Cushing's syndrome an entity or a statistical fallout from diagnostic testing? Consensus surrounding the diagnosis is required before optimal treatment can be defined

scientific article published in June 2010

Is there sufficient evidence to consider the use of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition in children?

scientific article published on August 2012

Lack of hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase impairs lipid mobilization from mouse adipose tissue

scientific article published on 24 January 2008

Lack of significant metabolic abnormalities in mice with liver-specific disruption of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.

scientific article

Late-onset apparent mineralocorticoid excess caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations in the HSD11B2 gene

scientific article

Long-term safety and efficacy of depot long-acting somatostatin analogs for the treatment of acromegaly

scientific article

Longitudinal changes in glucocorticoid metabolism are associated with later development of adverse metabolic phenotype

scientific article published on July 2014

Low energy diet and intracranial pressure in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: prospective cohort study ⬇️

scientific article (publication date: 7 July 2010)

Low-dose growth hormone inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 but has no effect upon fat mass in patients with simple obesity

scientific article published in May 2003

Male 11β-HSD1 Knockout Mice Fed Trans-Fats and Fructose Are Not Protected From Metabolic Syndrome or Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ⬇️

scientific article published on 6 July 2016

Mechanisms of disease: Selective inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 as a novel treatment for the metabolic syndrome

scientific article published on December 2005

MicroRNA-24 is a novel regulator of aldosterone and cortisol production in the human adrenal cortex

scientific article published on 8 July 2013

Minireview: hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and redox control of 11{beta}-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity

scientific article

Mitotane Therapy in Adrenocortical Cancer Induces CYP3A4 and Inhibits 5α-Reductase, Explaining the Need for Personalized Glucocorticoid and Androgen Replacement

scientific article published on 16 November 2012

Modified-Release Hydrocortisone: Is It Time to Change Clinical Practice?

scientific article published on 11 April 2019

Modulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD) activity biomarkers and pharmacokinetics of PF-00915275, a selective 11betaHSD1 inhibitor

scientific article published on 6 November 2007

Modulation of glucocorticoid action and the treatment of type-2 diabetes

scientific article published on December 2007

Mortality and pituitary disease

scientific article published on 12 April 2012

Mortality following pituitary radiotherapy

scientific article published on January 2009

Mortality in patients with Cushing's disease more than 10 years after remission: a multicentre, multinational, retrospective cohort study

scientific article

Mortality in patients with pituitary disease

scientific article published on 19 January 2010

Mutations in the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase interact to cause cortisone reductase deficiency

scientific article

Mutations of key hydrophobic surface residues of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 increase solubility and monodispersity in a bacterial expression system

scientific article

No evidence for hepatic conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate to DHEA: in vivo and in vitro studies

scientific article

Osteoblastic 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity increases with age and glucocorticoid exposure

scientific article

Outcome of Cushing's disease following transsphenoidal surgery in a single center over 20 years

scientific article published on 25 January 2012

Pegvisomant: an advance in clinical efficacy in acromegaly

scientific article

Premature adrenarche: novel lessons from early onset androgen excess

scientific article published on 26 May 2011

Prereceptor regulation of glucocorticoid action by 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a novel determinant of cell proliferation ⬇️

scientific article published on January 1, 2002

Rationale for treatment and therapeutic options in Cushing's disease

scientific article published on December 2009

Reduced 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in obese boys

scientific article published in September 2007

Reduced glucocorticoid production rate, decreased 5alpha-reductase activity, and adipose tissue insulin sensitization after weight loss

scientific article

Reduction of the vitamin D hormonal system in kidney disease is associated with increased renal inflammation

scientific article published on 10 September 2008

Regulation of lipid metabolism by glucocorticoids and 11β-HSD1 in skeletal muscle

scientific article published on 30 April 2013

Regulation of lipogenesis by glucocorticoids and insulin in human adipose tissue ⬇️

scientific article

Regulation--the real threat to clinical research

scientific article published on 16 October 2008

Renal PPARγ mRNA expression increases with impairment of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease

scientific article published on October 2010

Renal TLR4 mRNA expression correlates with inflammatory marker MCP-1 and profibrotic molecule TGF-β₁ in patients with chronic kidney disease

scientific article published on 15 June 2011

SFRP2 Is Associated with Increased Adiposity and VEGF Expression ⬇️

scientific article

Saving lives of patients with adrenal insufficiency: a pan-European initiative?

scientific article published on 12 January 2014

Selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 for patients with metabolic syndrome: is the target liver, fat, or both? ⬇️

scientific article published on January 2009

Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase isoform-1 and epithelial sodium channel subunits in human ocular ciliary epithelium

scientific article published on April 2003

Sex steroid metabolism in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells changes with aging

scientific article published on 9 August 2005

Steroid biomarkers and genetic studies reveal inactivating mutations in hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in patients with cortisone reductase deficiency

scientific article

Synovial DKK1 expression is regulated by local glucocorticoid metabolism in inflammatory arthritis ⬇️

scientific article published on 18 October 2012

TNFα-mediated Hsd11b1 binding of NF-κB p65 is associated with suppression of 11β-HSD1 in muscle ⬇️

scientific article

Targeting the pre-receptor metabolism of cortisol as a novel therapy in obesity and diabetes

scientific article published on 27 March 2010

The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

scientific article

The effect of spironolactone upon corticosteroid hormone metabolism in patients with early stage chronic kidney disease

scientific article published in November 2010

The hypertensiogenetic steroid 19-nor-progesterone does not influence cortisol inactivation by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2.

scientific article published on June 2009

The long-term predictive accuracy of the short synacthen (corticotropin) stimulation test for assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

scientific article

The modulation of corticosteroid metabolism by hydrocortisone therapy in patients with hypopituitarism increases tissue glucocorticoid exposure

scientific article published on 11 August 2015

The ontogeny of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) 1alpha-hydroxylase expression in human placenta and decidua

scientific article published on July 2002

The pituitary-adrenal axis and body composition

scientific article published on January 2009

The role of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in adipogenesis in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

scientific article published on 30 October 2009

The safety and tolerability of spironolactone in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease

scientific article

Tissue-specific Cushing's syndrome uncovers a new target in treating the metabolic syndrome--11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1.

scientific article

Tissue-specific Cushing's syndrome, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and the redefinition of corticosteroid hormone action

scientific article published in September 2003

Treatment of primary aldosteronism

scientific article published on December 2010

Updates in growth hormone treatment and mortality ⬇️

scientific article published on August 1, 2013

Weight loss increases 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in human adipose tissue

scientific article

What happens to clinical training fellows? A retrospective study of the 20 years outcome of a Medical Research Council UK cohort ⬇️

scientific article published on August 30, 2012

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