Search filters

List of works by Joo-Youn Cho

A Comprehensive Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Reveals Multiple Pathway Alterations in Response to the Inflammatory Stimuli

scientific article published on 25 April 2020

A Phase I Study of Oral Paclitaxel with a Novel P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor, HM30181A, in Patients with Advanced Solid Cancer

scientific article

A Population Pharmacokinetic Model of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Mechanically Ventilated Children after Neurosurgery

scientific article published on 01 October 2019

A first-in-human, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose escalation study of DWP05195, a novel TRPV1 antagonist, in healthy volunteers

scientific article

A non-linear pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of metformin in healthy volunteers: An open-label, parallel group, randomized clinical study

scientific article published on 17 January 2018

A pharmacokinetic comparison of two voriconazole formulations and the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on their pharmacokinetic profiles.

scientific article published on 13 May 2015

A pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study between pregabalin and tramadol in healthy volunteers

scientific article published on 22 August 2018

A phase 4 study of nilotinib in Korean patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: ENESTKorea.

scientific article published on 25 March 2018

A pilot study to investigate the utility of NAT2 genotype-guided isoniazid monotherapy regimens in NAT2 slow acetylators

scientific article published on 06 November 2020

A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, two-arm, parallel study comparing pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity and tolerability of branded adalimumab and its biosimilar LBAL in healthy male volunteers.

scientific article published on 14 March 2017

A rapid, simple and reliable HPLC-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer method for a simultaneous quantification of irinotecan and its active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) in mouse plasma.

scientific article published on 23 January 2014

A thorough QT study to evaluate the QTc prolongation potential of two neuropsychiatric drugs, quetiapine and escitalopram, in healthy volunteers.

scientific article published in July 2016

A variant 2677A allele of the MDR1 gene affects fexofenadine disposition.

scientific article published in November 2004

Active maintenance of endothelial cells prevents kidney fibrosis.

scientific article published on 31 December 2017

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor 1166A/C polymorphism in association with blood pressure response to exogenous angiotensin II

scientific article published on 05 December 2006

Antihyperglycemic mechanism of metformin occurs via the AMPK/LXRα/POMC pathway

scientific article

Apple juice greatly reduces systemic exposure to atenolol

scientific article published on January 2013

Aspirin decreases systemic exposure to clopidogrel through modulation of P-glycoprotein but does not alter its antithrombotic activity

scientific article published on 24 February 2014

Assessment of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A Activity Using Metabolic Markers in Patients with Renal Impairment

scientific article published on 31 October 2018

Assessment of induced CYP3A activity in pregnant women using 4β-hydroxycholesterol: Cholesterol ratio as an appropriate metabolic marker

scientific article published on 25 April 2018

Assessment of the drug-drug interactions between fimasartan and hydrochlorothiazide in healthy volunteers

scientific article published on 01 January 2012

Assessment of the pharmacokinetics of co-administered metformin and lobeglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antihyperglycemic agent, in healthy subjects

scientific article published on 02 July 2012

Author Correction: Ursodeoxycholic acid improves liver function via phenylalanine/tyrosine pathway and microbiome remodelling in patients with liver dysfunction

scientific article published on 13 November 2019

Changes in the QTc interval after administration of flecainide acetate, with and without coadministered paroxetine, in relation to cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype: data from an open-label, two-period, single-sequence crossover study in healthy Korean m

scientific article

Colorectal cancer diagnostic model utilizing metagenomic and metabolomic data of stool microbial extracellular vesicles

scientific article published on 18 February 2020

Comparable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two epoetin alfa formulations Eporon® and Eprex® following a single subcutaneous administration in healthy male volunteers.

scientific article published on 27 October 2017

Comparative pharmacokinetics of HD203, a biosimilar of etanercept, with marketed etanercept (Enbrel®): a double-blind, single-dose, crossover study in healthy volunteers.

scientific article

Comparative pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of clopidogrel besylate and clopidogrel bisulfate in healthy Korean subjects

Comparative steady-state pharmacokinetic study of an extended-release formulation of itopride and its immediate-release reference formulation in healthy volunteers

scientific article published on 15 January 2014

Comparison of Plasma Concentrations of Posaconazole with the Oral Suspension and Tablet in Korean Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

scientific article

Comparison of pharmacokinetics between new quinolone antibiotics: the zabofloxacin hydrochloride capsule and the zabofloxacin aspartate tablet

scientific article published on 19 August 2013

Comparison of the Plasma Metabolome Profiles Between the Internal Thoracic Artery and Ascending Aorta in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Using Gas Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

scientific article published on 08 April 2019

Comparison of the bioavailability and tolerability of fixed-dose combination glimepiride/metformin 2/500-mg tablets versus separate tablets: A single-dose, randomized-sequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Korean volunteers

scientific article published on July 2010

Complex influences of gut microbiome metabolism on various drug responses

scientific article published on 30 March 2020

Comprehensive Metabolomic Search for Biomarkers to Differentiate Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Cirrhosis

scientific article published on 06 October 2019

Development and validation of a method for the simultaneous quantification of endogenous steroids metabolized by CYP3A

scientific article published on 24 June 2020

Development and validation of a microfluidic chip-based nano-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method for a sensitive and reliable quantification of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38) in mouse plasma.

scientific article published on 15 October 2013

Development of lipidomic platform and phosphatidylcholine retention time index for lipid profiling of rosuvastatin treated human plasma

scientific article published on 26 October 2013

Distribution of Exogenous and Endogenous CYP3A Markers and Related Factors in Healthy Males and Females

scientific article

Early Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Posaconazole Oral Suspension in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies

scientific article published on 16 November 2017

Effect of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole after single and multiple doses in healthy volunteers

scientific article published on 01 February 2012

Effect of OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) variant alleles on the pharmacokinetics of pitavastatin in healthy volunteers.

scientific article published on October 2005

Effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of YH4808, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, after single- and multiple-oral dosing in healthy subjects

scientific article published on 15 June 2018

Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of udenafil in healthy Korean subjects

scientific article

Effect of the CYP2D6 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of tropisetron in healthy Korean subjects.

scientific article published in May 2003

Effect of the CYP3A5 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous midazolam during inhibited and induced metabolic states.

scientific article

Effect of the UGT2B15 genotype on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and drug interactions of intravenous lorazepam in healthy volunteers

scientific article published in June 2005

Effectiveness of increasing the frequency of posaconazole syrup administration to achieve optimal plasma concentrations in patients with haematological malignancy.

scientific article published on 12 May 2016

Effects of Angelicae tenuissima radix, Angelicae dahuricae radix and Scutellariae radix extracts on cytochrome P450 activities in healthy volunteers.

scientific article published on 5 May 2009

Effects of DRD2 and CYP2D6 genotypes on delta EEG power response to aripiprazole in healthy male volunteers: a preliminary study

scientific article published on 01 December 2006

Effects of HM30181, a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of loperamide in healthy volunteers.

scientific article

Effects of dexamethasone coadministered with oseltamivir on the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in healthy volunteers.

scientific article published on 09 March 2017

Effects of pregnane X receptor (NR1I2) and CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms on the induction of bupropion hydroxylation by rifampin

scientific article

Effects of proton pump inhibitors on metformin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

scientific article published on 24 April 2014

Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, evogliptin (DA-1229).

scientific article published on 20 October 2016

Efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine oral loading in patients with epilepsy

scientific article published on 16 November 2011

Evaluation of endogenous metabolic markers of hepatic CYP3A activity using metabolic profiling and midazolam clearance.

scientific article published on 19 June 2013

Evaluation of the effects of food on levodropropizine controlled-release tablet and its pharmacokinetic profile in comparison to that of immediate-release tablet.

scientific article

Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LC15-0444 and pioglitazone in healthy volunteers

scientific article

Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, food effect, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of DA-1229, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, in healthy volunteers: first-in-human study

scientific article published on September 2012

External Validation of a Pharmacokinetic Model of Propofol for Target-Controlled Infusion in Children under Two Years Old

scientific article published on 23 March 2020

Functional characterization of MATE2-K genetic variants and their effects on metformin pharmacokinetics

scientific article published in July 2013

GM-CSF Induces Inflammatory Macrophages by Regulating Glycolysis and Lipid Metabolism

scientific article published on 14 October 2016

Global metabolomics and targeted steroid profiling reveal that rifampin, a strong human PXR activator, alters endogenous urinary steroid markers

scientific article published on 28 January 2013

Haplotype structure and allele frequencies of CYP2B6 in a Korean population.

scientific article published on 21 September 2004

High-Fat Diet and Voluntary Chronic Aerobic Exercise Recover Altered Levels of Aging-Related Tryptophan Metabolites along the Kynurenine Pathway

scientific article

Identification of ω- or (ω-1)-Hydroxylated Medium-Chain Acylcarnitines as Novel Urinary Biomarkers for CYP3A Activity.

scientific article published on 6 September 2017

Impact of Vancomycin-Induced Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota on the Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin

scientific article published on 14 February 2020

In vivo activity of epoxide hydrolase according to sequence variation affects the progression of human IgA nephropathy

scientific article published on 23 March 2011

Increased systemic exposure of fimasartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, by ketoconazole and rifampicin

scientific article published on 24 January 2013

Indoxyl sulfate (IS)-mediated immune dysfunction provokes endothelial damage in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

scientific article

Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-α is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-κB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages

scientific article published on 05 July 2019

Influence of Ginkgo biloba extract on the pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic properties of ticlopidine: an open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment, two-sequence, single-dose crossover study in healthy Korean male volunteers

scientific article published in February 2010

Influence of OATP1B1 and BCRP polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in elderly and young Korean subjects

scientific article published on 19 December 2019

Integrative Analysis of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Mice.

scientific article

Intravenous amantadine for freezing of gait resistant to dopaminergic therapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial

scientific article

Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations featured similar genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters: a DMET Plus microarray assessment

scientific article published on 01 October 2014

LBEC0101, A Proposed Etanercept Biosimilar: Pharmacokinetics, Immunogenicity, and Tolerability Profiles Compared with a Reference Biologic Product in Healthy Male Subjects.

scientific article published on 27 May 2017

Lack of association between ABCB1, ABCG2, and ABCC2 genetic polymorphisms and multidrug resistance in partial epilepsy

scientific article published on 22 January 2009

MRP2 haplotypes confer differential susceptibility to toxic liver injury

scientific article published on June 2007

Mechanism of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Novel Biomarkers: A Metabolomic Analysis of Experimental Glomerulonephritis

scientific article published on 24 April 2020

Modified titanium implant as a gateway to the human body: the implant mediated drug delivery system.

scientific article

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of evogliptin (DA-1229), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, in healthy volunteers

scientific article

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of fesoterodine sustained-release in healthy Korean volunteers

scientific article published on 01 October 2012

Novel nanocrystal formulation of megestrol acetate has improved bioavailability compared with the conventional micronized formulation in the fasting state

scientific article

Omeprazole hydroxylation is inhibited by a single dose of moclobemide in homozygotic EM genotype for CYP2C19

scientific article published on April 2002

Optimal dose of intravenous pantoprazole in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding requiring endoscopic hemostasis in Korea

scientific article published on 3 August 2009

Pantoprazole Does Not Reduce the Antiplatelet Effect of Clopidogrel: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Korea

scientific article

Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of intravenous or subcutaneous GC1113, a novel erythropoiesis-stimulating agent

scientific article published on 01 June 2014

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of a novel proton pump inhibitor, YH1885, in healthy volunteers.

scientific article

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between gemigliptin and metformin in healthy subjects

scientific article published on 01 June 2014

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between metformin and a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, evogliptin, in healthy subjects.

scientific article published on 10 August 2016

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a new long-acting granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (HM10460A) in healthy volunteers

scientific article published in April 2013

Pharmacokinetic comparison of a new glimepiride 1-mg + metformin 500-mg combination tablet formulation and a glimepiride 2-mg + metformin 500-mg combination tablet formulation: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period, two-way crossover stu

scientific article published in November 2009

Pharmacokinetic comparison of a new sustained-release formulation of glimepiride/metformin 1/500 mg combination tablet and a sustained-release formulation of glimepiride/metformin 2/500 mg combination tablet in healthy Korean male volunteers: a rando

Pharmacokinetic comparison using two tablets of an evogliptin/metformin XR 2.5/500 mg fixed dose combination vs. 1 tablet each of evogliptin 5 mg and metformin XR 1,000 mg

Pharmacokinetic interaction of fimasartan, a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist, with amlodipine in healthy volunteers

scientific article published on 01 June 2011

Pharmacokinetic interaction of flecainide and paroxetine in relation to the CYP2D6*10 allele in healthy Korean subjects

scientific article published on 24 July 2008

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of biomarker response to sitagliptin in healthy volunteers

scientific article published on 20 May 2013

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in an Overweight Population With Abnormal Liver Function

scientific article published on 19 March 2020

Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of the Phage Endolysin-Based Candidate Drug SAL200 after a Single Intravenous Administration among Healthy Volunteers.

scientific article

Pharmacokinetics and effect on the corrected QT interval of single-dose escitalopram in healthy elderly compared with younger adults

scientific article published on 12 October 2016

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LC15-0444, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, after multiple dosing in healthy volunteers

scientific article

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a fixed-dose combination of gemigliptin/metformin sustained release 25/500 mg compared to the loose combination in healthy male subjects

scientific article published on 30 March 2020

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral tolvaptan administered in 15- to 60-mg single doses to healthy Korean men.

scientific article published on April 2012

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of DA-8031, a novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for premature ejaculation in healthy male subjects.

scientific article published on 10 March 2017

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of MB12066, a beta-lapachone derivative targeting NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1: two independent, double-blind, placebo-controlled, combined single and multiple ascending dose first-in-human clinical trials.

scientific article published on 7 November 2017

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of the new second-generation nonnucleoside reverse- transcriptase inhibitor KM-023 in healthy subjects

scientific article

Pharmacokinetics of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Elderly Volunteers Compared With Younger Adults in a Korean Population

scientific article published on 18 March 2019

Pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose glimepiride/sustained-release metformin combination

scientific article published on 01 February 2012

Pharmacokinetics of extended-release versus conventional tramadol/acetaminophen fixed-dose combination tablets: an open-label, 2-treatment, multiple-dose, randomized-sequence crossover study in healthy korean male volunteers

scientific article published on 01 June 2011

Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and its clinical implications in chemoprophylaxis against malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax

scientific article published on 02 February 2009

Pharmacokinetics of the evogliptin/metformin extended-release (5/1,000 mg) fixed-dose combination formulation compared to the corresponding loose combination, and food effect in healthy subjects

scientific article published on 13 April 2016

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LC15-0444 in healthy Korean men: a dose-block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending single-dose, Phase I study

scientific article

Pharmacometabolomics for predicting variable busulfan exposure in paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.

scientific article

Phloroglucinol ameliorates cognitive impairments by reducing the amyloid β peptide burden and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice

scientific article published on 15 August 2018

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Amikacin for Optimal Pharmacotherapy in Korean Patients with Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease

scientific article published on 06 November 2020

Population pharmacokinetic analysis to recommend the optimal dose of udenafil in patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment

scientific article

Population pharmacokinetic modelling of aripiprazole and its active metabolite, dehydroaripiprazole, in psychiatric patients

scientific article published on December 2008

Population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in premature Korean infants.

scientific article published in June 2013

Prediction of serum theophylline concentrations and cytochrome P450 1A2 activity by analyzing urinary metabolites in preterm infants.

scientific article published on 20 December 2016

Probiotic treatment induced change of inflammation related metabolites in IBS-D patients/double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

scientific article published on 23 December 2019

Quantitative prediction of hepatic CYP3A activity using endogenous markers in healthy subjects after administration of CYP3A inhibitors or inducers

scientific article published on 17 April 2019

Rapid Hepatobiliary Excretion of Micelle-Encapsulated/Radiolabeled Upconverting Nanoparticles as an Integrated Form

scientific article

Reduced valproic acid serum concentrations due to drug interactions with carbapenem antibiotics: overview of 6 cases

scientific article published in October 2012

Regulation of endogenic metabolites by rosuvastatin in hyperlipidemia patients: An integration of metabolomics and lipidomics

scientific article published on 28 May 2018

Relationship between absolute neutrophil count profiles and pharmacokinetics of DA-3031, a pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (pegylated-G-CSF): a dose block-randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation study in healthy subjects

scientific article published in November 2013

Relative bioavailability and tolerability of two formulations of bicalutamide 50-mg tablets: a randomized-sequence, open-label, two-period crossover study in healthy Korean male subjects

scientific article published on December 2010

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of udenafil, a novel PDE-5 inhibitor, in healthy young Korean subjects

scientific article published on 3 March 2008

Sensitive liquid chromatography assay with ultraviolet detection for a new phosphodiesterase V inhibitor, DA-8159, in human plasma and urine

scientific article published in October 2003

Simple and sensitive determination of the new antitumor drug CKD-602 in human plasma by liquid chromatography.

scientific article

Sustained Increase in the Oral Bioavailability of Loperamide after a Single Oral Dose of HM30181, a P-glycoprotein Inhibitor, in Healthy Male Participants.

scientific article published on 7 August 2013

Taq1A polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor gene predicts brain metabolic response to aripiprazole in healthy male volunteers

scientific article

The Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms in SLCO2B1 on the Lipid-Lowering Efficacy of Rosuvastatin in Healthy Adults with Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein.

scientific article

The Effect of the Newly Developed Angiotensin Receptor II Antagonist Fimasartan on the Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin in Relation to OATP1B1 in Healthy Male Volunteers

article published in 2011

The Genetic Polymorphism UGT1A4*3 Is Associated with Low Posaconazole Plasma Concentrations in Hematological Malignancy Patients Receiving the Oral Suspension.

scientific article published on 16 April 2018

The effect of fimasartan, an angiotensin receptor type 1 blocker, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy Korean male volunteers: a one-sequence, two-period crossover clinical trial.

scientific article published on 22 June 2012

The effect of udenafil on the hemodynamics of healthy male volunteers administered tamsulosin.

scientific article published on 17 April 2013

The effects of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of mirodenafil in healthy Korean male volunteers: an open-label, one-sequence, three-period, three-treatment crossover study

scientific article

The effects of moxifloxacin on QTc interval in healthy Korean male subjects

scientific article

The influence of dietary sodium content on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fimasartan

scientific article

The novel carboxylesterase 1 variant c.662A>G may decrease the bioactivation of oseltamivir in humans

scientific article

The utility of CYP3A activity endogenous markers for evaluating drug-drug interaction between sildenafil and CYP3A inhibitors in healthy subjects

scientific article published on 12 November 2020

Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a new P-glycoprotein inhibitor, HM30181, in healthy Korean male volunteers: single- and multiple-dose randomized, placebo-controlled studies

Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of lobeglitazone (CKD-501), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist: a single- and multiple-dose, double-blind, randomized control study in healthy male Korean subjects

scientific article

Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of lobeglitazone, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, after a single oral administration in healthy female subjects.

scientific article published in July 2014

Urinary 6β-Hydroxycortisol/Cortisol Ratio Most Highly Correlates With Midazolam Clearance Under Hepatic CYP3A Inhibition and Induction in Females: A Pharmacometabolomics Approach.

scientific article published on 17 June 2016

Urinary metabolic markers reflect on hepatic, not intestinal, CYP3A activity in healthy subjects

scientific article published on 03 December 2020

Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts hepatoprotective effects by regulating amino acid, flavonoid, and fatty acid metabolic pathways

scientific article published on 27 February 2019

Ursodeoxycholic acid improves liver function via phenylalanine/tyrosine pathway and microbiome remodelling in patients with liver dysfunction

scientific article published in Scientific Reports

Usefulness of oral loading of oxcarbazepine suspension in selected patients with epilepsy.

scientific article published in October 2013

Utility of Integrated Analysis of Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacometabolomics in Early Phase Clinical Trial: A Case Study of a New Molecular Entity

scientific article published on 30 September 2018

Validated LC-MS/MS Assay for the Quantitative Determination of Fimasartan in Human Plasma: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies.

scientific article