List of works - Guillermo León

Active immunization of cattle with a bothropic toxoid does not abrogate envenomation by Bothrops asper venom, but increases the likelihood of survival

scientific article published on 22 January 2017

An improved technique for the assessment of venom-induced haemorrhage in a murine model

scientific article published on 9 October 2017

Anti-human erythrocyte antibodies in horse-derived antivenoms used in the treatment of snakebite envenomations

scientific article published on 20 February 2006

Anticomplementary activity of equine whole IgG antivenoms: comparison of three fractionation protocols

scientific article published in January 2005

Antivenomic assessment of the immunological reactivity of EchiTAb-Plus-ICP, an antivenom for the treatment of snakebite envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa

scientific article

Antivenomic characterization of two antivenoms against the venom of the taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia

scientific article

Antivenoms for Snakebite Envenomings ⬇️

scientific article published on October 1, 2011

Antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenomings: the road ahead

scientific article published on 23 March 2011

Assessing a 6-h endpoint observation time in the lethality neutralization assay used to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of snake antivenoms

scientific article published in November 2021

Assessing endotoxins in equine-derived snake antivenoms: Comparison of the USP pyrogen test and the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate assay (LAL).

scientific article published on 29 August 2015

Assessing the preclinical efficacy of antivenoms: from the lethality neutralization assay to antivenomics

scientific article

Assessment of snake antivenom purity by comparing physicochemical and immunochemical methods

scientific article published on 26 November 2012

Assessment of the impact of solvent/detergent treatment on the quality and potency of a whole IgG equine antivenom.

scientific article published on 21 June 2009

Comparative proteomic analysis of the venom of the taipan snake, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia: Role of neurotoxic and procoagulant effects in venom toxicity

article

Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of two polyvalent, caprylic acid fractionated [IgG and F(ab')2] antivenoms, in Bothrops asper bites in Colombia

scientific article

Comparison of the adjuvant activity of aluminum hydroxide and calcium phosphate on the antibody response towards Bothrops asper snake venom

scientific article published on 19 March 2013

Comparison of the adjuvant activity of emulsions with different physicochemical properties on the antibody response towards the venom of West African carpet viper (Echis ocellatus).

scientific article

Comparison of the effect of Crotalus simus and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms on the equine antibody response towards Bothrops asper venom: Implications for the production of polyspecific snake antivenoms

article

Contributions of the snake venoms of Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus and Lachesis stenophrys to the paraspecificity of the Central American polyspecific antivenom (PoliVal-ICP).

scientific article published on 30 January 2018

Corrigendum to “Neutralization of Bothrops asper venom by antibodies, natural products and synthetic drugs: Contributions to understanding snakebite envenomings and their treatment” published in Toxicon 54 (7), (2009), 1012–1028

scholarly article by Bruno Lomonte et al published June 2010 in Toxicon

Cross-reactivity and cross-immunomodulation between venoms of the snakes Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus and Lachesis stenophrys, and its effect in the production of polyspecific antivenom for Central America

scientific article published on 9 August 2017

Current technology for the industrial manufacture of snake antivenoms

scientific article published on 28 June 2018

Detección del virus de la leprosis de los cítricos tipo citoplasmático en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia

scholarly article by Guillermo León et al published 4 January 2007 in Revista Corpoica - Ciencia y Tecnologia Agropecuarias

Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of caprylic acid in formulations of therapeutic immunoglobulins and its application to antivenom production

scientific article published on 17 April 2009

Development of a chicken-derived antivenom against the taipan snake (Oxyuranus scutellatus) venom and comparison with an equine antivenom

scientific article published on 29 June 2016

Development of a new polyspecific antivenom for snakebite envenoming in Sri Lanka: Analysis of its preclinical efficacy as compared to a currently available antivenom

scientific article published on 6 October 2016

Effect of exposition to chlorpyrifos upon plasmatic cholinesterases, hematology and blood biochemistry values in Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae)

scientific article published on 20 April 2018

Effect of geographical variation of Echis ocellatus, Naja nigricollis and Bitis arietans venoms on their neutralization by homologous and heterologous antivenoms

scientific article published on 5 October 2015

Effect of premedication with subcutaneous adrenaline on the pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of equine whole IgG antivenom in a rabbit model

scientific article published on 15 April 2017

Effect of preservatives on IgG aggregation, complement-activating effect and hypotensive activity of horse polyvalent antivenom used in snakebite envenomation

scientific article

Efficacy and safety of two whole IgG polyvalent antivenoms, refined by caprylic acid fractionation with or without β-propiolactone, in the treatment of Bothrops asper bites in Colombia

scientific article published on 12 May 2006

Epidemiology of rapes in Costa Rica: characterization of victims, perpetrators and circumstances surrounding forced intercourse

scientific article published on 13 June 2014

Expanding the neutralization scope of the EchiTAb-plus-ICP antivenom to include venoms of elapids from Southern Africa

scientific article

Factors associated with adverse reactions induced by caprylic acid-fractionated whole IgG preparations: comparison between horse, sheep and camel IgGs

scientific article published on 23 September 2005

Freeze-dried EchiTAb+ICP antivenom formulated with sucrose is more resistant to thermal stress than the liquid formulation stabilized with sorbitol

scientific article published on 3 May 2017

Freeze-dried snake antivenoms formulated with sorbitol, sucrose or mannitol: Comparison of their stability in an accelerated test

scientific article published on 01 August 2014

Human heterophilic antibodies against equine immunoglobulins: assessment of their role in the early adverse reactions to antivenom administration

scientific article published on 18 June 2008

Immune Response Towards Snake Venoms ⬇️

scientific article published on October 1, 2011

Impact of regional variation in Bothrops asper snake venom on the design of antivenoms: integrating antivenomics and neutralization approaches

scientific article published in January 2010

Intravenous administration of equine-derived whole IgG antivenom does not induce early adverse reactions in non-envenomed horses and cows

scientific article published on 15 September 2010

Lachesis stenophrys venom reduces the equine antibody response towards Bothrops asper venom used as co-immunogen in the production of polyspecific snake antivenom

article

Low pH formulation of whole IgG antivenom: Impact on quality, safety, neutralizing potency and viral inactivation

scientific article published on 21 January 2012

Nephrotoxicity induced by the venom of Hypnale hypnale from Sri Lanka: Studies on isolated perfused rat kidney and renal tubular cell lines

scientific article published on 26 April 2019

Neutralization of Bothrops asper venom by antibodies, natural products and synthetic drugs: contributions to understanding snakebite envenomings and their treatment

scientific article published on 24 March 2009

Neutralization of Bothrops mattogrossensis snake venom from Bolivia: experimental evaluation of llama and donkey antivenoms produced by caprylic acid precipitation

scientific article published on 5 August 2009

Neutralization of the neuromuscular inhibition of venom and taipoxin from the taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) by F(ab')2 and whole IgG antivenoms

scientific article published on 24 November 2015

Pathogenesis of dermonecrosis induced by venom of the spitting cobra, Naja nigricollis: An experimental study in mice

scientific article

Pathogenic mechanisms underlying adverse reactions induced by intravenous administration of snake antivenoms

scientific article

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of immunoglobulin therapy for envenomation

scientific article

Phylovenomics of Daboia russelii across the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivities and comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms against venoms from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

scientific article published on 17 July 2019

Physicochemical characterization of commercial freeze-dried snake antivenoms

scientific article published on 9 December 2016

Preclinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antivenoms for Snakebite Envenoming: State-of-the-Art and Challenges Ahead

scientific article

Preclinical assessment of the efficacy of a new antivenom (EchiTAb-Plus-ICP) for the treatment of viper envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa

scientific article published on 21 August 2009

Preclinical efficacy against toxic activities of medically relevant Bothrops sp. (Serpentes: Viperidae) snake venoms by a polyspecific antivenom produced in Mexico

article

Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea

scientific article

Proteomic and toxinological characterization of the venom of the South African Ringhals cobra Hemachatus haemachatus

scientific article published on 12 April 2018

Proteomic, toxicological and immunogenic characterization of Mexican west-coast rattlesnake (Crotalus basiliscus) venom and its immunological relatedness with the venom of Central American rattlesnake (Crotalus simus).

scientific article published on 23 February 2017

Purification of IgG and albumin from human plasma by aqueous two phase system fractionation

scientific article published on 22 June 2012

Purification of equine whole IgG snake antivenom by using an aqueous two phase system as a primary purification step

scientific article published on 12 November 2014

Role Bending: Complex Relationships Between Viruses, Hosts, and Vectors Related to Citrus Leprosis, an Emerging Disease

scientific article published on 29 June 2015

Role of the animal model on the pharmacokinetics of equine-derived antivenoms

scientific article published in April 2013

Snake venomics and antivenomics of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Viridovipera stejnegeri from Taiwan: Keys to understand the variable immune response in horses

article

Snake venomics and antivenomics: Proteomic tools in the design and control of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming

scientific article published on 21 January 2009

Snake venomics of African spitting cobras: toxin composition and assessment of congeneric cross-reactivity of the pan-African EchiTAb-Plus-ICP antivenom by antivenomics and neutralization approaches

scientific article published on 31 January 2011

Stability of equine IgG antivenoms obtained by caprylic acid precipitation: towards a liquid formulation stable at tropical room temperature

scientific article

Study of the design and analytical properties of the lethality neutralization assay used to estimate antivenom potency against Bothrops asper snake venom

article

Toxicity of Bothrops sp snake venoms from Ecuador and preclinical assessment of the neutralizing efficacy of a polyspecific antivenom from Costa Rica

article

Toxicological profile of medically relevant Crotalus species from Mexico and their neutralization by a Crotalus basiliscus/Bothrops asper antivenom

scientific article published on 18 March 2020

Trends in snakebite envenomation therapy: scientific, technological and public health considerations

scientific article

Venom of Bothrops asper from Mexico and Costa Rica: Intraspecific variation and cross-neutralization by antivenoms

scientific article published on 18 November 2011

List of works by Guillermo León

Active immunization of cattle with a bothropic toxoid does not abrogate envenomation by Bothrops asper venom, but increases the likelihood of survival

An improved technique for the assessment of venom-induced haemorrhage in a murine model

Anti-human erythrocyte antibodies in horse-derived antivenoms used in the treatment of snakebite envenomations

Anticomplementary activity of equine whole IgG antivenoms: comparison of three fractionation protocols

Antivenomic assessment of the immunological reactivity of EchiTAb-Plus-ICP, an antivenom for the treatment of snakebite envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa

Antivenomic characterization of two antivenoms against the venom of the taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia

Antivenoms for Snakebite Envenomings ⬇️

Antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenomings: the road ahead

Assessing a 6-h endpoint observation time in the lethality neutralization assay used to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of snake antivenoms

Assessing endotoxins in equine-derived snake antivenoms: Comparison of the USP pyrogen test and the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate assay (LAL).

Assessing the preclinical efficacy of antivenoms: from the lethality neutralization assay to antivenomics

Assessment of snake antivenom purity by comparing physicochemical and immunochemical methods

Assessment of the impact of solvent/detergent treatment on the quality and potency of a whole IgG equine antivenom.

Comparative proteomic analysis of the venom of the taipan snake, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia: Role of neurotoxic and procoagulant effects in venom toxicity

Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of two polyvalent, caprylic acid fractionated [IgG and F(ab')2] antivenoms, in Bothrops asper bites in Colombia

Comparison of the adjuvant activity of aluminum hydroxide and calcium phosphate on the antibody response towards Bothrops asper snake venom

Comparison of the adjuvant activity of emulsions with different physicochemical properties on the antibody response towards the venom of West African carpet viper (Echis ocellatus).

Comparison of the effect of Crotalus simus and Crotalus durissus ruruima venoms on the equine antibody response towards Bothrops asper venom: Implications for the production of polyspecific snake antivenoms

Contributions of the snake venoms of Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus and Lachesis stenophrys to the paraspecificity of the Central American polyspecific antivenom (PoliVal-ICP).

Corrigendum to “Neutralization of Bothrops asper venom by antibodies, natural products and synthetic drugs: Contributions to understanding snakebite envenomings and their treatment” published in Toxicon 54 (7), (2009), 1012–1028

Cross-reactivity and cross-immunomodulation between venoms of the snakes Bothrops asper, Crotalus simus and Lachesis stenophrys, and its effect in the production of polyspecific antivenom for Central America

Current technology for the industrial manufacture of snake antivenoms

Detección del virus de la leprosis de los cítricos tipo citoplasmático en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia

Development and validation of a reverse phase HPLC method for the determination of caprylic acid in formulations of therapeutic immunoglobulins and its application to antivenom production

Development of a chicken-derived antivenom against the taipan snake (Oxyuranus scutellatus) venom and comparison with an equine antivenom

Development of a new polyspecific antivenom for snakebite envenoming in Sri Lanka: Analysis of its preclinical efficacy as compared to a currently available antivenom

Effect of exposition to chlorpyrifos upon plasmatic cholinesterases, hematology and blood biochemistry values in Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae)

Effect of geographical variation of Echis ocellatus, Naja nigricollis and Bitis arietans venoms on their neutralization by homologous and heterologous antivenoms

Effect of premedication with subcutaneous adrenaline on the pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of equine whole IgG antivenom in a rabbit model

Effect of preservatives on IgG aggregation, complement-activating effect and hypotensive activity of horse polyvalent antivenom used in snakebite envenomation

Efficacy and safety of two whole IgG polyvalent antivenoms, refined by caprylic acid fractionation with or without β-propiolactone, in the treatment of Bothrops asper bites in Colombia

Epidemiology of rapes in Costa Rica: characterization of victims, perpetrators and circumstances surrounding forced intercourse

Expanding the neutralization scope of the EchiTAb-plus-ICP antivenom to include venoms of elapids from Southern Africa

Factors associated with adverse reactions induced by caprylic acid-fractionated whole IgG preparations: comparison between horse, sheep and camel IgGs

Freeze-dried EchiTAb+ICP antivenom formulated with sucrose is more resistant to thermal stress than the liquid formulation stabilized with sorbitol

Freeze-dried snake antivenoms formulated with sorbitol, sucrose or mannitol: Comparison of their stability in an accelerated test

Human heterophilic antibodies against equine immunoglobulins: assessment of their role in the early adverse reactions to antivenom administration

Immune Response Towards Snake Venoms ⬇️

Impact of regional variation in Bothrops asper snake venom on the design of antivenoms: integrating antivenomics and neutralization approaches

Intravenous administration of equine-derived whole IgG antivenom does not induce early adverse reactions in non-envenomed horses and cows

Lachesis stenophrys venom reduces the equine antibody response towards Bothrops asper venom used as co-immunogen in the production of polyspecific snake antivenom

Low pH formulation of whole IgG antivenom: Impact on quality, safety, neutralizing potency and viral inactivation

Nephrotoxicity induced by the venom of Hypnale hypnale from Sri Lanka: Studies on isolated perfused rat kidney and renal tubular cell lines

Neutralization of Bothrops asper venom by antibodies, natural products and synthetic drugs: contributions to understanding snakebite envenomings and their treatment

Neutralization of Bothrops mattogrossensis snake venom from Bolivia: experimental evaluation of llama and donkey antivenoms produced by caprylic acid precipitation

Neutralization of the neuromuscular inhibition of venom and taipoxin from the taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) by F(ab')2 and whole IgG antivenoms

Pathogenesis of dermonecrosis induced by venom of the spitting cobra, Naja nigricollis: An experimental study in mice

Pathogenic mechanisms underlying adverse reactions induced by intravenous administration of snake antivenoms

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of immunoglobulin therapy for envenomation

Phylovenomics of Daboia russelii across the Indian subcontinent. Bioactivities and comparative in vivo neutralization and in vitro third-generation antivenomics of antivenoms against venoms from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

Physicochemical characterization of commercial freeze-dried snake antivenoms

Preclinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Antivenoms for Snakebite Envenoming: State-of-the-Art and Challenges Ahead

Preclinical assessment of the efficacy of a new antivenom (EchiTAb-Plus-ICP) for the treatment of viper envenoming in sub-Saharan Africa

Preclinical efficacy against toxic activities of medically relevant Bothrops sp. (Serpentes: Viperidae) snake venoms by a polyspecific antivenom produced in Mexico

Preclinical evaluation of caprylic acid-fractionated IgG antivenom for the treatment of Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus) envenoming in Papua New Guinea

Proteomic and toxinological characterization of the venom of the South African Ringhals cobra Hemachatus haemachatus

Proteomic, toxicological and immunogenic characterization of Mexican west-coast rattlesnake (Crotalus basiliscus) venom and its immunological relatedness with the venom of Central American rattlesnake (Crotalus simus).

Purification of IgG and albumin from human plasma by aqueous two phase system fractionation

Purification of equine whole IgG snake antivenom by using an aqueous two phase system as a primary purification step

Role Bending: Complex Relationships Between Viruses, Hosts, and Vectors Related to Citrus Leprosis, an Emerging Disease

Role of the animal model on the pharmacokinetics of equine-derived antivenoms

Snake venomics and antivenomics of Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Viridovipera stejnegeri from Taiwan: Keys to understand the variable immune response in horses

Snake venomics and antivenomics: Proteomic tools in the design and control of antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming

Snake venomics of African spitting cobras: toxin composition and assessment of congeneric cross-reactivity of the pan-African EchiTAb-Plus-ICP antivenom by antivenomics and neutralization approaches

Stability of equine IgG antivenoms obtained by caprylic acid precipitation: towards a liquid formulation stable at tropical room temperature

Study of the design and analytical properties of the lethality neutralization assay used to estimate antivenom potency against Bothrops asper snake venom

Toxicity of Bothrops sp snake venoms from Ecuador and preclinical assessment of the neutralizing efficacy of a polyspecific antivenom from Costa Rica

Toxicological profile of medically relevant Crotalus species from Mexico and their neutralization by a Crotalus basiliscus/Bothrops asper antivenom

Trends in snakebite envenomation therapy: scientific, technological and public health considerations

Venom of Bothrops asper from Mexico and Costa Rica: Intraspecific variation and cross-neutralization by antivenoms