List of works - Penelope P Howards

"Research on Infertility: Definition Makes a Difference" Revisited

scientific article published on 14 June 2017

"Toward a clearer definition of confounding" revisited with directed acyclic graphs

scientific article

2122: Factors associated with unintended pregnancy in cancer survivors after cancer

Adjusting for bias due to incomplete case ascertainment in case-control studies of birth defects

journal article published in 2015

Adverse Pregnancy Conditions Among Privately Insured Women With and Without Congenital Heart Defects

scientific article published on 08 June 2020

An overview of confounding. Part 1: the concept and how to address it.

scientific article published on 17 January 2018

An overview of confounding. Part 2: how to identify it and special situations.

scientific article published on 17 January 2018

Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in nurses working night shifts

journal article published in 2020

Association Between Infant Mortality Attributable to Birth Defects and Payment Source for Delivery - United States, 2011-2013.

scientific article published on 27 January 2017

BioCycle study: design of the longitudinal study of the oxidative stress and hormone variation during the menstrual cycle

scientific article published on March 2009

Birth weight, postnatal growth, and risk for high blood pressure at 7 years of age: results from the Collaborative Perinatal Project

scientific article published in June 2007

Caffeine and miscarriage risk

scientific article

Causal Interpretation Based on DAGs

Causal pie bingo!

scientific article published in March 2013

Characteristics related to early secondary amenorrhoea and pregnancy among women diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis using the GOAL study.

scientific article published on 22 September 2016

Chlamydia positivity trends among women attending family planning clinics: United States, 2004-2008

scientific article

Chlamydia trachomatis infections among women attending prenatal clinics: United States, 2004-2009.

scientific article published on June 2012

Conditions for bias from differential left truncation

scientific article published on 5 December 2006

Confounding by Exposure History and Prior Outcome

Dependence of confounding on the target population: a modification of causal graphs to account for co-action

scientific article published on 07 July 2011

Detection of pelvic inflammatory disease: development of an automated case-finding algorithm using administrative data

scientific article

Diabetes mellitus and risk of all-cause mortality among patients with tuberculosis in the state of Georgia, 2009-2012

scientific article

Diabetes mellitus, smoking status, and rate of sputum culture conversion in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a cohort study from the country of Georgia.

scientific article

Differences in Women's Use of Medical Help for Becoming Pregnant by the Level of Urbanization of County of Residence in Georgia.

scientific article

Disentangling causal paths between obesity and in vitro fertilization outcomes: an intractable problem?

scientific article published on 27 June 2007

Disparities in Tdap Vaccination and Vaccine Information Needs Among Pregnant Women in the United States

scientific article published on 01 February 2019

Do clinic-based STD data reflect community patterns?

scientific article

Effect of daily fiber intake on reproductive function: the BioCycle Study

scientific article published on 19 August 2009

Evaluation of two vaccine education interventions to improve pertussis vaccination among pregnant African American women: A randomized controlled trial

scientific article published on 16 February 2017

Factors affecting workforce participation and healthy worker biases in U.S. women and men

journal article published in 2017

Hormonal profiles of menstrual bleeding patterns during the luteal-follicular transition

journal article published in 2020

Hot tubs and miscarriage--methodological and substantive reasons why the case is weak.

scientific article

Hypothyroidism after cancer and the ability to meet reproductive goals among a cohort of young adult female cancer survivors.

scientific article

Impact of cancer treatment on risk of infertility and diminished ovarian reserve in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

scientific article published on 7 February 2018

Impact of missing data for body mass index in an epidemiologic study

journal article published in 2016

Impact of tamoxifen therapy on fertility in breast cancer survivors.

scientific article published on 22 November 2016

Infertility among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus compared to healthy women: A pilot study

scientific article published on 08 July 2019

Invited commentary: Identifying the improbable, the value of incremental insights

scientific article

Invited commentary: disinfection by-products and pregnancy loss--lessons

scientific article

Invited commentary: the use of imperfect data--compromise or compromising?

scientific article

Menses resumption after cancer treatment-induced amenorrhea occurs early or not at all

scientific article published on 30 November 2015

Misclassification of gestational age in the study of spontaneous abortion

scientific article

Multiple bias analysis using logistic regression: an example from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

article

PFOA and PFOS serum levels and miscarriage risk

scientific article published in July 2014

Piloting a computer assisted telephone interview: the FUCHSIA Women's Study

scientific article

Polybrominated biphenyl exposure and menstrual cycle function

journal article published in 2019

Potential confounding by exposure history and prior outcomes: an example from perinatal epidemiology

scientific article published on September 2007

Potential sensitivity of bias analysis results to incorrect assumptions of nondifferential or differential binary exposure misclassification

scientific article published on November 2014

Pregnancy after cancer: Does timing of conception affect infant health?

article

Pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida: a systematic review of the literature

scientific article

Racial Disparities in Seeking Care for Help Getting Pregnant.

scientific article

Recruitment for a community-based study of early pregnancy: the Right From The Start study

scientific article published on 01 March 2004

Serum polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and thyroid function among Michigan adults several decades after the 1973-1974 PBB contamination of livestock feed

journal article published in 2017

Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and thyroid function in young children

journal article published in 2016

Spontaneous abortion and a diet drug containing caffeine and ephedrine: a study within the Danish national birth cohort

scientific article

Stressful life events experienced by women in the year before their infants' births--United States, 2000-2010.

scientific article published on March 2015

Structure and control of healthy worker effects in studies of pregnancy outcomes

journal article published in 2019

Term Elective Induction of Labor and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Obese Women and Their Offspring

scientific article published on 4 December 2017

The association between cadmium, lead and mercury blood levels and reproductive hormones among healthy, premenopausal women ⬇️

scientific article published on July 21, 2011

The association between gestational weight gain z-score and stillbirth: a case-control study

scientific article published on 29 November 2019

The risk of preterm birth and growth restriction in pregnancy after cancer

scientific article

Thyroid hormones and menstrual cycle function in a longitudinal cohort of premenopausal women

journal article published in 2018

Timing clinic visits to phases of the menstrual cycle by using a fertility monitor: the BioCycle Study

scientific article published on 30 October 2008

Urban-Rural Differences in Tubal Ligation Incidence in the State of Georgia, USA.

scientific article published on 21 July 2017

Use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth: population based cohort study

scientific article

Which female cancer patients fail to receive fertility counseling before treatment in the state of Georgia?

scientific article published on 24 September 2016

List of works by Penelope P Howards

"Research on Infertility: Definition Makes a Difference" Revisited

"Toward a clearer definition of confounding" revisited with directed acyclic graphs

2122: Factors associated with unintended pregnancy in cancer survivors after cancer

Adjusting for bias due to incomplete case ascertainment in case-control studies of birth defects

Adverse Pregnancy Conditions Among Privately Insured Women With and Without Congenital Heart Defects

An overview of confounding. Part 1: the concept and how to address it.

An overview of confounding. Part 2: how to identify it and special situations.

Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in nurses working night shifts

Association Between Infant Mortality Attributable to Birth Defects and Payment Source for Delivery - United States, 2011-2013.

BioCycle study: design of the longitudinal study of the oxidative stress and hormone variation during the menstrual cycle

Birth weight, postnatal growth, and risk for high blood pressure at 7 years of age: results from the Collaborative Perinatal Project

Caffeine and miscarriage risk

Causal Interpretation Based on DAGs

Causal pie bingo!

Characteristics related to early secondary amenorrhoea and pregnancy among women diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis using the GOAL study.

Chlamydia positivity trends among women attending family planning clinics: United States, 2004-2008

Chlamydia trachomatis infections among women attending prenatal clinics: United States, 2004-2009.

Conditions for bias from differential left truncation

Confounding by Exposure History and Prior Outcome

Dependence of confounding on the target population: a modification of causal graphs to account for co-action

Detection of pelvic inflammatory disease: development of an automated case-finding algorithm using administrative data

Diabetes mellitus and risk of all-cause mortality among patients with tuberculosis in the state of Georgia, 2009-2012

Diabetes mellitus, smoking status, and rate of sputum culture conversion in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a cohort study from the country of Georgia.

Differences in Women's Use of Medical Help for Becoming Pregnant by the Level of Urbanization of County of Residence in Georgia.

Disentangling causal paths between obesity and in vitro fertilization outcomes: an intractable problem?

Disparities in Tdap Vaccination and Vaccine Information Needs Among Pregnant Women in the United States

Do clinic-based STD data reflect community patterns?

Effect of daily fiber intake on reproductive function: the BioCycle Study

Evaluation of two vaccine education interventions to improve pertussis vaccination among pregnant African American women: A randomized controlled trial

Factors affecting workforce participation and healthy worker biases in U.S. women and men

Hormonal profiles of menstrual bleeding patterns during the luteal-follicular transition

Hot tubs and miscarriage--methodological and substantive reasons why the case is weak.

Hypothyroidism after cancer and the ability to meet reproductive goals among a cohort of young adult female cancer survivors.

Impact of cancer treatment on risk of infertility and diminished ovarian reserve in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Impact of missing data for body mass index in an epidemiologic study

Impact of tamoxifen therapy on fertility in breast cancer survivors.

Infertility among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus compared to healthy women: A pilot study

Invited commentary: Identifying the improbable, the value of incremental insights

Invited commentary: disinfection by-products and pregnancy loss--lessons

Invited commentary: the use of imperfect data--compromise or compromising?

Menses resumption after cancer treatment-induced amenorrhea occurs early or not at all

Misclassification of gestational age in the study of spontaneous abortion

Multiple bias analysis using logistic regression: an example from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

PFOA and PFOS serum levels and miscarriage risk

Piloting a computer assisted telephone interview: the FUCHSIA Women's Study

Polybrominated biphenyl exposure and menstrual cycle function

Potential confounding by exposure history and prior outcomes: an example from perinatal epidemiology

Potential sensitivity of bias analysis results to incorrect assumptions of nondifferential or differential binary exposure misclassification

Pregnancy after cancer: Does timing of conception affect infant health?

Pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida: a systematic review of the literature

Racial Disparities in Seeking Care for Help Getting Pregnant.

Recruitment for a community-based study of early pregnancy: the Right From The Start study

Serum polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and thyroid function among Michigan adults several decades after the 1973-1974 PBB contamination of livestock feed

Serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations and thyroid function in young children

Spontaneous abortion and a diet drug containing caffeine and ephedrine: a study within the Danish national birth cohort

Stressful life events experienced by women in the year before their infants' births--United States, 2000-2010.

Structure and control of healthy worker effects in studies of pregnancy outcomes

Term Elective Induction of Labor and Pregnancy Outcomes Among Obese Women and Their Offspring

The association between cadmium, lead and mercury blood levels and reproductive hormones among healthy, premenopausal women ⬇️

The association between gestational weight gain z-score and stillbirth: a case-control study

The risk of preterm birth and growth restriction in pregnancy after cancer

Thyroid hormones and menstrual cycle function in a longitudinal cohort of premenopausal women

Timing clinic visits to phases of the menstrual cycle by using a fertility monitor: the BioCycle Study

Urban-Rural Differences in Tubal Ligation Incidence in the State of Georgia, USA.

Use of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth: population based cohort study

Which female cancer patients fail to receive fertility counseling before treatment in the state of Georgia?