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List of works by Sannakaisa Virtanen

A Microelectrochemical Investigation of Alloy C22 in Chloride Solutions below the Critical Pitting Temperature

article by S. Hodges et al published 2007 in Journal of the Electrochemical Society

A facile and scalable method to produce superhydrophic stainless steel surface

A novel approach for the formation of Mg(OH)2/MgO nanowhiskers on magnesium: Rapid anodization in chloride containing solutions

scholarly article by R. Hahn et al published February 2008 in Electrochemistry Communications

A novel local drug delivery system: Superhydrophobic titanium oxide nanotube arrays serve as the drug reservoir and ultrasonication functions as the drug release trigger

scientific article published on 4 September 2017

Accelerated Degradation Behavior and Cytocompatibility of Pure Iron Treated with Sandblasting

scientific article

Albumin coating on magnesium via linker molecules--comparing different coating mechanisms

scholarly article by Victoria Wagener et al published 1 March 2013 in Colloids and Surfaces B

Albumin coatings by alternating current electrophoretic deposition for improving corrosion resistance and bioactivity of titanium implants

scientific article published on 5 January 2017

Alginate/Bioglass® composite coatings on stainless steel deposited by direct current and alternating current electrophoretic deposition

article published in 2013

Alternating Current Electrophoretic Deposition for the Immobilization of Antimicrobial Agents on Titanium Implant Surfaces.

scientific article published on 17 February 2017

Alternating Current Electrophoretic Deposition of Bovine Serum Albumin onto Magnesium

scholarly article by Bram Neirinck et al published July 2015 in Key Engineering Materials

An analysis of the in vivo deterioration of Co-Cr-Mo implants through wear and corrosion

scientific article published in April 2007

Analytical Characterization of the Corrosion Mechanisms of WC-Co by Electrochemical Methods and Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy

Analytical characterization of the corrosion mechanisms of WC–Co by electrochemical methods and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy

Anodic ZnO Microsheet Coating on Zn with Sub-Surface Microtrenched Zn Layer Reduces Risk of Localized Corrosion and Improves Bioactivity of Pure Zn

scientific article

Anodic growth of self-ordered magnesium oxy-fluoride nanoporous/tubular layers on Mg alloy (WE43)

scholarly article by Metehan C. Turhan et al published June 2010 in Electrochemistry Communications

Anodized titanium and stainless steel in contact with CFRP: an electrochemical approach considering galvanic corrosion

scientific article published in September 2007

Application of electrochemical noise to monitor stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel in tetrathionate solution under constant load

Application of the electrochemical microcapillary technique to study intergranular stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel on the micrometre scale

Artificial Cr- and Fe-Oxide Passive Layers Prepared by Sputter Deposition

Automated Analysis of Electrochemical Curent Noise from Potentiostatic Conditioning of Passive Iron in Chloride-Containing Solutions

Biocorrosion of TiO2 nanoparticle coating of Ti–6Al–4V in DMEM under specific in vitro conditions

article published in 2015

Biodegradable Mg and Mg alloys: Corrosion and biocompatibility

scholarly article by Sannakaisa Virtanen published December 2011 in Materials Science and Engineering B: Advanced Functional Solid-state Materials

Biodegradable nanostructures: Degradation process and biocompatibility of iron oxide nanostructured arrays

scientific article

Biomedical coatings on magnesium alloys - a review

scientific article published on 14 April 2012

Carbide Fragmentation and Dissolution in a High-Carbon High-Chromium Steel Using Hot Rolling Process: Microstructure Evolution, Wear, High-Temperature Oxidation, and Chloride-Induced Corrosion Properties

scientific article

Cathodic Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy AM50 in Deicing Salt Solutions During “Cathodic Protection”

scholarly article by M. Grabowski & Sannakaisa Virtanen published May 2017 in Corrosion

Cell Adhesion on Surface-Functionalized Magnesium

scientific article

Characterisation of r.f. sputtered Fe–Cr-oxide films

Characterization of electrophoretic chitosan coatings on stainless steel

Chemical and physical properties of regenerative medicine materials controlling stem cell fate.

scientific article published on 13 May 2011

Chemical vapor deposition of titanium based ceramic coatings on low carbon steel: Characterization and electrochemical evaluation

scholarly article by R. Ali et al published September 2011 in Surface & Coatings Technology

Combinatorial Study on Phase Formation and Oxidation in the Thin Film Superalloy Subsystems Co-Al-Cr and Co-Al-Cr-W

Combinatorial Study on Phase Formation and Oxidation in the Thin Film Superalloy Subsystems Co–Al–Cr and Co–Al–Cr–W

Composition of corrosion layers on a magnesium rare-earth alloy in simulated body fluids

article

Control of magnesium corrosion and biocompatibility with biomimetic coatings.

scientific article

Correlation between the surface coverage of severe shot peening and surface microstructural evolutions in AISI 321: A TEM, FE-SEM and GI-XRD study

Corrosion Behavior of Anodic Self-Ordered Porous Oxide Layers on Stainless Steel

scientific article

Corrosion Behavior of Polypyrrole/AZ91D in Simulated Body Fluid Solutions and Its Functionalization with Albumin Monolayers

Corrosion Properties of Polydopamine Coatings Formed in One-Step Immersion Process on Magnesium.

scientific article published on 24 November 2015

Corrosion and passivation of amorphous and crystalline FeCr alloys in ethanol/water/HCl mixtures

Corrosion behaviour of multiwall carbon nanotube/magnesium composites in 3.5% NaCl

scholarly article by Metehan C. Turhan et al published August 2011 in Electrochimica Acta

Corrosion behaviour of stainless steels and a single crystal superalloy in a ternary LiCl–KCl–CsCl molten salt

Corrosion mechanism of CuZn21Si3P in aggressive tap water

Corrosion of Mg alloy AZ91D in the presence of living cells

scientific article published on 28 June 2011

Corrosion of martensitic stainless steel in ethanol-containing gasoline: Influence of contamination by chloride, H 2 O and acetic acid

Corrosion properties of laser beam joints of aluminium with zinc-coated steel

article

Corrosion properties of novel γ′–strengthened Co-base superalloys

Corrosion resistance studies on grain-boundary etched drug-eluting stents

scientific article published on 3 February 2007

Corrosion scales and passive films: general discussion

article published in 2015

Corrosion, Surface Modification, and Biocompatibility of Mg and Mg Alloys

Cu-releasing bioactive glass/polycaprolactone coating on Mg with antibacterial and anticorrosive properties for bone tissue engineering

scientific article published on 26 October 2017

Degradation of Titanium and Its Alloys

scholarly article published 2012

Detection of nanoscale η-MgZn2phase dissolution from an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy by electrochemical microtransients

Developing surface pre-treatments for electrophoretic deposition of biofunctional chitosan-bioactive glass coatings on a WE43 magnesium alloy

scholarly article by Michael Höhlinger et al published May 2017 in Applied Surface Science

Dissolution Control of Mg by Cellulose Acetate–Polyelectrolyte Membranes

scientific article published on 05 December 2014

Dissolution of Thin Iron Oxide Films Used as Models for Iron Passive Films Studied by In Situ X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy

article

Early stages of scale formation during oxidation of γ / γ ′ strengthened single crystal ternary Co-base superalloy at 900 °C

scientific article

Effect of Al on the passivity of Ti base implant alloys

Effect of B and Cr on the high temperature oxidation behaviour of novel γ/γ′-strengthened Co-base superalloys

article published in 2011

Effect of Mo species on metastable pitting of Fe18Cr alloys—A current transient analysis

Effect of Processing on Grain Size and Corrosion of AA2024-T3

article published in 2011

Effect of WC grain size on the corrosion behavior of WC–Co based hardmetals in alkaline solutions

Effect of acidic etching and fluoride treatment on corrosion performance in Mg alloy AZ91D (MgAlZn)

article

Effect of inflammatory conditions and H 2 O 2 on bare and coated Ti–6Al–4V surfaces: Corrosion behavior, metal ion release and Ca-P formation under long-term immersion in DMEM

Effect of metalloids on the passivity of amorphous FeCr alloys

Effect of surface pre-treatments on biocompatibility of magnesium

scholarly article by Carla Lorenz et al published September 2009 in Acta Biomaterialia

Electrochemical Activity and Electrical Properties of Optimized Polypyrrole Coatings on Iron

Electrochemical Behavior of Fe in Phosphate Solutions Studied by In Situ X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure

Electrochemical Behavior of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 in 0.5 M KOH Solution

scholarly article by Khaled M. Ismail & Sannakaisa Virtanen published 2007 in Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters

Electrochemical and corrosion study of as-cast NixAly intermetallic alloys: Influence of alloy composition and electrolyte pH

scientific article

Electrochemical and corrosion study of as-cast NixAly intermetallic alloys: Influence of alloy composition and electrolyte pH

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of oxide films formed on Alloy 182 in simulated boiling water reactor environment: Effect of dissolved hydrogen

Electrochemical and surface analytical study of the corrosion behavior of mild steel with cathodically produced zinc phosphate coating

article

Electrochemical behavior of nanostructured TiO2/alginate composite coating on magnesium alloy AZ91D via electrophoretic deposition

scholarly article by Luis Cordero-Arias et al published March 2015 in Surface & Coatings Technology

Electrochemical behavior of surface films formed on Fe in chromate solutions

Electrochemical characterisation of novel γ/γ′-strengthened Co-base superalloys

Electrochemical characterisation of passive films on Ti alloys under simulated biological conditions

Electrochemical characterization of new stainless CuAlSn alloys

Electrochemical evaluation of the corrosion behavior of steel coated with titanium-based ceramic layers

scholarly article by E. Alkhateeb et al published January 2011 in Surface & Coatings Technology

Electrochemical investigations of magnesium in DMEM with biodegradable polycaprolactone coating as corrosion barrier

scholarly article by Julia Degner et al published October 2013 in Applied Surface Science

Electrochemical polymerization and characterization of polypyrrole on Mg–Al alloy (AZ91D)

Electrophoretic Deposition of Bioadaptive Drug Delivery Coatings on Magnesium Alloy for Bone Repair

scientific article published on 18 February 2019

Electrophoretic Deposition of Chitosan/h-BN and Chitosan/h-BN/TiO₂ Composite Coatings on Stainless Steel (316L) Substrates

scientific article published on 4 March 2014

Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanostructured Titania-Bioactive Glass/Alginate Coatings on Stainless Steel

article published in 2015

Electrophoretic co-deposition of cellulose nanocrystals-45S5 bioactive glass nanocomposite coatings on stainless steel

Electrophoretic deposition and characterization of chitosan/bioactive glass composite coatings on Mg alloy substrates

Electrophoretic deposition of ZnO/alginate and ZnO-bioactive glass/alginate composite coatings for antimicrobial applications.

scientific article

Electrophoretic deposition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) and CNs/alginate nanocomposite coatings and free standing membranes

article published in 2014

Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan/bioactive glass/silica coatings on stainless steel and WE43 Mg alloy substrates

Electrophoretic deposition of gelatine nanoparticle/chitosan coatings

scientific article

Electrophoretic deposition of lawsone loaded bioactive glass (BG)/chitosan composite on polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/BG layers as antibacterial and bioactive coating

scientific article published on 14 September 2018

Electrophoretic deposition of nanostructured TiO2/alginate and TiO2-bioactive glass/alginate composite coatings on stainless steel

journal article; published in Advances in Applied Ceramics in 2014

Electrophoretic deposition of nanostructured-TiO2/chitosan composite coatings on stainless steel

scholarly article in RSC Advances, vol. 3 no. 28, 2013

Electrophoretic deposition of organic/inorganic composite coatings containing ZnO nanoparticles exhibiting antibacterial properties

scientific article published on 22 March 2017

Electrophoretic deposition of tetracycline hydrochloride loaded halloysite nanotubes chitosan/bioactive glass composite coatings for orthopedic implants

Fabrication of ZnO nanotube layer on Zn and evaluation of corrosion behavior and bioactivity in view of biodegradable applications

scientific article

First approach for thermodynamic modelling of the high temperature oxidation behaviour of ternary γ′-strengthened Co–Al–W superalloys

article

From Waste to Valuable Resource: Lignin as a Sustainable Anti-Corrosion Coating

scientific article

Functionalization of Metallic Magnesium with Protein Layers via Linker Molecules

scholarly article by Manuela S Killian et al published 20 July 2010 in Langmuir

Functionalization of steel surfaces with organic acids: Influence on wetting and corrosion behavior

Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion

scholarly article by M. Esmaily et al published August 2017 in Progress in Materials Science

Grain character influences on corrosion of ECAPed pure magnesium

scholarly article by Nick Birbilis et al published June 2010 in Corrosion Engineering Science and Technology

High corrosion resistance of amorphous Fe-Cr-P alloys

High temperature oxidation of γ/γ′-strengthened Co-base superalloys

article published in 2011

High-Throughput Investigation of the Oxidation and Phase Constitution of Thin-Film Ni-Al-Cr Materials Libraries

Hydroxyapatite growth on anodic TiO2 nanotubes

scholarly article by Hiroaki Tsuchiya et al published 2006 in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A

ICP-MS, SKPFM, XPS, and Microcapillary Investigation of the Local Corrosion Mechanisms of WC–Co Hardmetal

Impact of ultrafine-grained microstructure on the corrosion of aluminium alloy AA2024

In Situ Investigation of the Oxidation of Cobalt-Base Superalloys in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope

scholarly article by Martin Weiser et al published 7 July 2015 in Advanced Engineering Materials

In Vitro Osteocompatibility and Enhanced Biocorrosion Resistance of Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate-Pretreated/Poly(ether imide) Coatings on Magnesium for Orthopedic Application

scientific article published on 07 August 2019

In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure studies of mechanisms of passivity

In vitro biocompatibility of CoCrMo dental alloys fabricated by selective laser melting

scientific article

In vitro study of polycaprolactone/bioactive glass composite coatings on corrosion and bioactivity of pure Mg

In vitrocorrosion survey of Mg–xCa and Mg–3Zn–yCa alloys with and without calcium phosphate conversion coatings

article published in 2012

Influence of CO2 exposure on pH value, electrochemical properties, and the formation of calcium-phosphate on Ti–6Al–4V under adjusted in vitro conditions in DMEM

Influence of Ca ions and temperature on the corrosion behavior of WC–Co hardmetals in alkaline solutions

Influence of Ca2+in Deicing Salt on the Corrosion Behavior of AM50 Magnesium Alloy

scholarly article by Michael Grabowski et al published October 2014 in Corrosion

Influence of Co to Ni ratio in γ′-strengthened model alloys on oxidation resistance and the efficacy of the halogen effect at 900 °C

scientific article

Influence of Electrolyte Composition (Simulated Body Fluid vs. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium), Temperature, and Solution Flow on the Biocorrosion Behavior of Commercially Pure Mg

scientific article

Influence of MWCNT dispersion on corrosion behaviour of their Mg composites

Influence of MoO42− anion in the electrolyte on passivity breakdown of iron

Influence of W Content on the Oxidation Behaviour of Ternary $$\gamma ^{\prime }$$-Strengthened Co-Based Model Alloys Between 800 and $$900\,^{\circ }{\hbox {C}}$$

scientific article

Influence of proteins on the corrosion behavior of a chitosan-bioactive glass coated magnesium alloy

scientific article published on 12 February 2019

Influence of scandium on the pitting behaviour of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

scholarly article by J. Wloka & Sannakaisa Virtanen published November 2007 in Acta Materialia

Influence of second phase particles on initial electrochemical properties of AA7010-T76

article

Influence of surface self-modification in Ringer's solution on the passive behavior of titanium

scholarly article by E. Alkhateeb & Sannakaisa Virtanen published 2005 in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A

Influence of temper and surface condition on the exfoliation behaviour of high strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

Influence of the microstructure on the corrosion behaviour of cast Mg-Al alloys

scientific article

Interaction of Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme with Stainless Steel Studied by Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Intermediate Co/Ni-base model superalloys — Thermophysical properties, creep and oxidation

article

Investigating the effect of salicylate salt in enhancing the corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy for biomedical applications

scholarly article published 1 January 2016

Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of WC–Co hardmetal with electrochemical and surface analytical methods

Investigations on the passivity of iron in borate and phosphate buffers, pH 8.4

article

Iron and iron-based alloys for temporary cardiovascular applications

scientific article published on 26 February 2015

Iron surface functionalization system - Iron oxide nanostructured arrays with polycaprolactone coatings: Biodegradation, cytocompatibility, and drug release behavior

scientific article

Isothermal aging of a γ′-strengthened Co–Al–W alloy coated with vacuum plasma-sprayed MCrAlY bond coats

Local electrochemical properties of laser beam-welded high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

Localised corrosion: general discussion

scientific article published on 01 January 2015

Localized corrosion of ultrafine-grained Al–Mg model alloys

article

Long-term corrosion study of low carbon steel coated with titanium boronitride in simulated soil solution

scholarly article by E. Alkhateeb et al published August 2012 in Electrochimica Acta

Long-term stability of aerophilic metallic surfaces underwater

Metal release mechanisms in hip replacement

scientific article published in October 2006

Metal-assisted etching of p-type silicon under anodic polarization in HF solution with and without H2O2

Metals for joint replacement**Note: This chapter is an updated version of Chapter 6, from the first edition of Joint replacement technology, edited by P. A. Revell and published by Woodhead, Publishing, 2008

Metastable and Stable Pitting Corrosion of Titanium in Halide Solutions

scholarly article by Sannakaisa Virtanen & C. Curty published July 2004 in Corrosion

Microelectrochemical Studies on the Influence of Cr and Mo on Nucleation Events of Pitting Corrosion

Microstructural Effects on the Corrosion Behavior of High-Strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys in an Overaged Condition

Modelling and analysis of the oxidation influence on creep behaviour of thin-walled structures of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy René N5 at 980 °C

scholarly article by Matthias Bensch et al published March 2010 in Acta Materialia

Modification of in vitro degradation behavior of pure iron with ultrasonication treatment: Comparison of two different pseudo-physiological solutions

scientific article published on 25 October 2018

New insights into the effects of surface nanocrystallization on the oxidation of 321 austenitic stainless steel in a humid oxygen environment at 1000 °C

scientific article

Non-destructive detection of corrosion applied to steel and galvanized steel coated with organic paints by the pulsed phase thermography

Non-destructive evaluation of stone-impact damages using Pulsed Phase Thermography

On the Stability of Passivity of Ti-Al Alloys in Acidic Environment

article published in 2005

On the material characteristics of a high carbon cast austenitic stainless steel after solution annealing followed by quenching in a CNT nanofluid

scientific article

Optimization of electrochemical polymerization parameters of polypyrrole on Mg–Al alloy (AZ91D) electrodes and corrosion performance

Osteogenic differentiation on DLC-PDMS-h surface

scientific article published on 27 February 2014

Oxidation kinetics of thin copper films and wetting behaviour of copper and Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP) with lead-free solder

article

Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Bond Coats with Higher Alumina Content: Oxidation Resistance and Influence on Thermal Barrier Coating Lifetime

scientific article

Oxygen Reduction on Passive Steel and Cr Rich Alloys for Concrete Reinforcement

Passive and transpassive behaviour of CoCrMo in simulated biological solutions

Passivity of High Corrosion Resistant Cu-Al-Sn Alloys

Passivity, breakdown and repassivation of glassy FeCrP alloys

Phase Formation and Oxidation Behavior at 500 °C in a Ni-Co-Al Thin-Film Materials Library.

scientific article

Poly(N-methyl aniline) thin films on copper: Synthesis, characterization and corrosion protection

Porosity Tailored Growth of Black Anodic Layers on Magnesium in an Organic Electrolyte

article

Properties of the Nanoporous Anodic Oxide Electrochemically Grown on Steel in Hot 50% NaOH

Protective layer formation on magnesium in cell culture medium

scientific article published on 3 March 2016

Protein adsorption on magnesium and its alloys: A review

scholarly article by Sarah Höhn et al published January 2019 in Applied Surface Science

Protein interactions with corroding metal surfaces: comparison of Mg and Fe.

scientific article published on 23 April 2015

Protein-adsorption and Ca-phosphate formation on chitosan-bioactive glass composite coatings

Real-Time Monitoring of Atmospheric Magnesium Alloy Corrosion

scholarly article by Michael Strebl & Sannakaisa Virtanen published 12 December 2018 in Journal of the Electrochemical Society

Relationships between strain, microstructure and oxide growth at the nano- and microscale

scholarly article by D. Kempf et al published January 2008 in Surface and Interface Analysis

Repassivation Kinetics of Al-Alloys for Aircraft Structures

Respirometric In Situ Methods for Real-Time Monitoring of Corrosion Rates: Part II. Immersion

scientific article

Self-organized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays: Critical Effects on Morphology and Growth

Self-organized nanotubular TiO2 matrix as support for dispersed Pt/Ru nanoparticles: Enhancement of the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol

Severe shot peening of AISI 321 with 1 000 % and 1 300 % coverages: A comparative study on the surface nanocrystallization, phase transformation, sub-surface microcracks, and microhardness

scientific article

Special modes of corrosion under physiological and simulated physiological conditions

scientific article published on 23 December 2007

Static Wettability of Differently Mechanically Treated and Amphiphobic-Coated Aluminium Surfaces

scientific article published on 13 May 2020

Steel corrosion in alkaline batteries

Stress corrosion cracking initiation and short crack growth behaviour in Alloy 182 weld metal under simulated boiling water reactor hydrogen water chemistry conditions

Studies of passive films on amorphous Fe-Cr-(B,P,C) alloys

Study of the electrochemical stability of polypyrrole coating on iron in sodium salicylate aqueous solution

Summary of the panel discussions at the 2nd Symposium on Biodegradable Metals, Maratea, Italy, 2010

article

TEM and ToF-SIMS studies on the corrosion behavior of vanadium and chromium containing WC–Co hard metals in alkaline solutions

Tackling Mg alloy corrosion by natural polymer coatings-A review

scientific article published on 9 May 2016

The Influence of Ca2+in Deicing Salt on the Chemistry of Corrosion Products Formed on AM50 Magnesium Alloy—Calcareous Deposition

scholarly article by Michael Grabowski et al published June 2015 in Corrosion

The Influence of Irradiated Defect Structures on the Corrosion Behaviour of Nickel

scholarly article published 2007

The composition of the boundary region of MnS inclusions in stainless steel and its relevance in triggering pitting corrosion

article

The effect of grain boundaries on high temperature oxidation of new γ′-strengthened Co–Al–W–B superalloys

The effect of laser surface modification on the corrosion behaviour of Fe and Al base alloys

The effect of nickel and silicon addition on some oxidation properties of novel Co-based high temperature alloys

article

Thermal stability of nanocrystalline surface layer of AISI 321 stainless steel

article published in 2017

Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Advanced Single Crystalline Co-base Superalloys

Time-Dependent Behavior of Cation Transport through Cellulose Acetate-Cationic Polyelectrolyte Membranes

Time-dependent electrochemical characterization of the corrosion of a magnesium rare-earth alloy in simulated body fluids

scholarly article by Ralf Rettig & Sannakaisa Virtanen published 2008 in Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A

Transport mechanisms during the high-temperature oxidation of ternary γ/γ′ Co-base model alloys

scientific article

Using tapered specimens to study the effect of hydrogen and surface finish on SCC initiation in Alloy 182 under boiling water reactor conditions

Visualizing ion transport mechanisms through oxide scales grown on mixed nickel- and cobalt-base model alloys at 900 °C using FIB-SIMS techniques

scientific article

XPS analytical characterization of amorphous alloys: Fe70Cr10P13C7

XPS studies on passive films on amorphous Fe-Cr-(B,P)-C alloys