List of works by Nathalie M. Delzenne

A Preventive Prebiotic Supplementation Improves the Sweet Taste Perception in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

scientific article published on 05 March 2019

A dysbiotic subpopulation of alcohol-dependent subjects.

scientific article

A new model of acute liver steatosis induced in rats by fasting followed by refeeding a high carbohydrate-fat free diet. Biochemical and morphological analysis.

scientific article published in April 1997

A place for dietary fibre in the management of the metabolic syndrome

scientific article

A polyphenolic extract from green tea leaves activates fat browning in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice

scientific article published on 24 July 2017

A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice

scientific article published on 28 November 2016

A role for the peripheral immune system in the development of alcohol use disorders?

scientific article published on 08 April 2017

Ability of the gut microbiota to produce PUFA-derived bacterial metabolites: Proof of concept in germ-free versus conventionalized mice

scientific article published on 12 May 2015

Accumulation of manganese in the brain of mice after intravenous injection of manganese-based contrast agents

scientific article

Adipose tissue NAPE-PLD controls fat mass development by altering the browning process and gut microbiota.

scientific article

Adipose tissue adaptive response to trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid engages alternatively activated M2 macrophages.

scientific article published on 11 September 2015

Akkermansia muciniphila inversely correlates with the onset of inflammation, altered adipose tissue metabolism and metabolic disorders during obesity in mice

scientific article published on 13 November 2015

Alcohol-Dependence and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Alterations of kynurenine pathway in alcohol use disorder and abstinence: a link with gut microbiota, peripheral inflammation and psychological symptoms

scientific article published on 01 October 2021

Altered gut microbiota and endocannabinoid system tone in obese and diabetic leptin-resistant mice: impact on apelin regulation in adipose tissue.

scientific article

Analogues and homologues of N-palmitoylethanolamide, a putative endogenous CB(2) cannabinoid, as potential ligands for the cannabinoid receptors

scientific article published on September 1999

Are Kupffer cells involved in the metabolic adaptation of the liver to dietary carbohydrates given after fasting?

scientific article published in July 2000

Assessment of liver phagocytic activity using EPR spectrometry and imaging.

scientific article

Benefits of bariatric surgery: an issue of microbial-host metabolism interactions?

scientific article published on 16 May 2011

Brain glucagon-like peptide-1 increases insulin secretion and muscle insulin resistance to favor hepatic glycogen storage

scientific article published on December 2005

Breath volatile metabolome reveals the impact of dietary fibres on the gut microbiota: Proof of concept in healthy volunteers

scientific article published in 2022

Butyricimonas faecalis sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus Butyricimonas

scientific article published on 01 February 2019

Can prebiotics and probiotics improve therapeutic outcomes for undernourished individuals?

scientific article

Carbohydrates and insulin resistance in clinical nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group

scientific article

Central Apelin Controls Glucose Homeostasis via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathway in Mice

scientific article published on 25 May 2011

Changes in bile acids metabolism during rat hepatocarcinogenesis: Causative or unrelated?

scientific article published on 01 January 1994

Changes in intestinal bifidobacteria levels are associated with the inflammatory response in magnesium-deficient mice

article

Characterization of fructans and dietary fibre profiles in raw and steamed vegetables.

scientific article published on 18 December 2017

Chitin-glucan and pomegranate polyphenols improve endothelial dysfunction

scientific article published on 02 October 2019

Chronic endocannabinoid system stimulation induces muscle macrophage and lipid accumulation in type 2 diabetic mice independently of metabolic endotoxaemia

scientific article

Coenzyme Q10 supplementation lowers hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity in mice.

scientific article published on 23 July 2009

Comparative hepatotoxicity of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in the rat: in vivo and in vitro studies

scientific article (publication date: July 1992)

Contribution of the gut microbiota to the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance: a focus on the gut-liver axis

scientific article published on 10 January 2019

Critical role of Kupffer cells in the management of diet-induced diabetes and obesity.

scientific article

Cryopreservation of rat precision-cut liver slices by ultrarapid freezing: influence on phase I and II metabolism and on cell viability upon incubation for 24 hours

scientific article

Cryopreservation of rat precision-cut liver slices is associated with major metabolic stress and ionic perturbations.

scientific article published in January 2003

Curcuma longa extract associated with white pepper lessens high fat diet-induced inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue

scientific article published in 2013

Current level of consensus on probiotic science--report of an expert meeting--London, 23 November 2009

scientific article

DIETARY FRUCTANS

scientific article published on 01 January 1998

Determination of digestible energy values and fermentabilities of dietary fibre supplements: a European interlaboratory study in vivo.

scientific article published in September 1995

Development of a Repertoire and a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating Dietary Fiber Intake Considering Prebiotics: Input from the FiberTAG Project

scientific article published on 15 September 2020

Dietary modulation of clostridial cluster XIVa gut bacteria (Roseburia spp.) by chitin-glucan fiber improves host metabolic alterations induced by high-fat diet in mice

scientific article published on 15 March 2011

Dietary non-digestible carbohydrates promote L-cell differentiation in the proximal colon of rats

scientific article published on 19 March 2007

Dietary oligofructose lowers triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol in serum and very low density lipoproteins of rats

scientific article published on 01 February 1995

Dietary oligofructose modifies the impact of fructose on hepatic triacylglycerol metabolism

scientific article published on 01 December 1996

Dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei murill extract prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats

scientific article

Dietary supplementation with chitosan derived from mushrooms changes adipocytokine profile in diet-induced obese mice, a phenomenon linked to its lipid-lowering action

scientific article published on 13 March 2009

Dietary supplementation with laminarin, a fermentable marine beta (1-3) glucan, protects against hepatotoxicity induced by LPS in rat by modulating immune response in the hepatic tissue.

scientific article published on 17 July 2007

Discovery of the gut microbial signature driving the efficacy of prebiotic intervention in obese patients

scientific article published on 10 February 2020

Dysosmobacter welbionis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus Oscillibacter

scientific article published on 24 June 2019

Effect of fermentable fructo-oligosaccharides on mineral, nitrogen and energy digestive balance in the rat

scientific article published on 01 January 1995

Effect on components of the intestinal microflora and plasma neuropeptide levels of feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bifidobacterium lactis, and inulin to adult and elderly rats

scientific article published on October 2006

Effects of a diet based on inulin-rich vegetables on gut health and nutritional behavior in healthy humans

article

Endocannabinoids--at the crossroads between the gut microbiota and host metabolism.

scientific article published on 18 December 2015

Endurance training in mice increases the unfolded protein response induced by a high-fat diet.

scientific article published on 9 August 2012

Evaluation of the relationship between GPR43 and adiposity in human

scientific article

Ezetimibe and simvastatin modulate gut microbiota and expression of genes related to cholesterol metabolism

scientific article published on 25 April 2015

Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity

scientific article

Ffar2 expression regulates leukaemic cell growth in vivo.

scientific article published on 5 September 2017

From correlation to causality: the case of <i>Subdoligranulum</i>

scientific article published on 01 November 2020

Functional foods and dietary supplements in 2017: food for thought

scientific article published in November 2017

GLUT2 and the incretin receptors are involved in glucose-induced incretin secretion

scientific article published on 29 June 2007

Gastrointestinal targets of appetite regulation in humans.

scientific article published on March 2010

Genes and nutrition, is personalised nutrition the next realistic step.

scientific article published on 6 June 2014

Gut Microbiota and Metabolism

Gut microbial metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids correlate with specific fecal bacteria and serum markers of metabolic syndrome in obese women

scientific article published on 29 January 2014

Gut microbiota and metabolic disorders: How prebiotic can work?

scientific article published on January 2013

Gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance

scientific article published on June 2011

Gut microbiota controls adipose tissue expansion, gut barrier and glucose metabolism: novel insights into molecular targets and interventions using prebiotics.

scientific article

Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal

scientific article published on 23 September 2009

Gut microbiota signatures predict host and microbiota responses to dietary interventions in obese individuals

scientific article

Gut microbiota-derived propionate reduces cancer cell proliferation in the liver

scientific article

Gut microbiota: Ganoderma lucidum, a new prebiotic agent to treat obesity?

scientific article published on 18 August 2015

Gut microflora as a target for energy and metabolic homeostasis

scientific article

Gut microorganisms as promising targets for the management of type 2 diabetes

scientific article published on 31 July 2015

Health relevance of the modification of low grade inflammation in ageing (inflammageing) and the role of nutrition

scientific article published on 9 September 2017

Hepatic MyD88 regulates liver inflammation by altering synthesis of oxysterols

scientific article published on 30 April 2019

Hepatic n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion promotes steatosis and insulin resistance in mice: genomic analysis of cellular targets

scientific article

Hepatic steatosis in n-3 fatty acid depleted mice: focus on metabolic alterations related to tissue fatty acid composition

scientific article

Hepatocyte MyD88 affects bile acids, gut microbiota and metabolome contributing to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism

scientific article published on 5 May 2016

Hepatoprotective Effects of Indole, a Gut Microbial Metabolite, in Leptin-Deficient Obese Mice

scientific article published on 01 June 2021

High-fat diet induces depression-like behaviour in mice associated with changes in microbiome, neuropeptide Y, and brain metabolome

scientific article published on 26 April 2018

Immunomodulatory properties of two wheat bran fractions - aleurone-enriched and crude fractions - in obese mice fed a high fat diet

scientific article published on 20 June 2008

Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation

scientific article

Impact of inulin and oligofructose on gastrointestinal peptides

scientific article published in April 2005

Implication of fermentable carbohydrates targeting the gut microbiota on conjugated linoleic acid production in high-fat-fed mice

scientific article published on 18 March 2013

Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Inflammation Associated with Nutritional Disorders and Obesity

scientific article published on 27 October 2020

Implication of trans-11,trans-13 conjugated linoleic acid in the development of hepatic steatosis.

scientific article published in February 2018

Improvement of glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity by oligofructose requires a functional glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor

scientific article published in May 2006

Increased gut permeability in cancer cachexia: mechanisms and clinical relevance.

scientific article published on 6 April 2018

Increasing endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels counteracts colitis and related systemic inflammation

scientific article published on 06 May 2011

Inflammation-induced cholestasis in cancer cachexia

scientific article published on 22 December 2020

Inhibition of Kupffer cell activity induces hepatic triglyceride synthesis in fasted rats, independent of lipopolysaccharide challenge.

scientific article

Initial dietary and microbiological environments deviate in normal-weight compared to overweight children at 10 years of age.

scientific article published in January 2011

Insight into the involvement of Kupffer cell-derived mediators in the hepatoprotective effect of glycine upon inflammation: study on rat precision-cut liver slices.

scientific article published in March 2005

Insight into the prebiotic concept: lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women

scientific article

Interaction between obesity and the gut microbiota: relevance in nutrition

scientific article published on August 2011

Interplay between obesity and associated metabolic disorders: new insights into the gut microbiota

scientific article published on 21 July 2009

Intestinal Sucrase as a Novel Target Contributing to the Regulation of Glycemia by Prebiotics

scientific article

Intestinal epithelial MyD88 is a sensor switching host metabolism towards obesity according to nutritional status

scientific article

Intestinal epithelial N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D links dietary fat to metabolic adaptations in obesity and steatosis

scientific article published in Nature Communications

Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity

scientific article

Inulin Improves Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia by Modulating Gene Expression in the Small Intestine.

scientific article published on 25 April 2018

Inulin and Oligofructose

Inulin-type fructans modulate gastrointestinal peptides involved in appetite regulation (glucagon-like peptide-1 and ghrelin) in rats

scientific article published on 01 September 2004

Inulin-type fructans modulate intestinal Bifidobacterium species populations and decrease fecal short-chain fatty acids in obese women

scientific article published on 11 June 2014

Inulin-type fructans with prebiotic properties counteract GPR43 overexpression and PPARγ-related adipogenesis in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice

scientific article published on 05 November 2010

Involvement of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide on glycaemia-lowering effect of oligofructose in streptozotocin-treated rats

scientific article published in June 2005

Involvement of gut microbial fermentation in the metabolic alterations occurring in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-depleted mice

scientific article

Involvement of lipogenesis in the lower VLDL secretion induced by oligofructose in rats

scientific article published on 01 December 1996

Jejunum Inflammation in Obese and Diabetic Mice Impairs Enteric Glucose Detection and Modifies Nitric Oxide Release in the Hypothalamus

scientific article published on 29 September 2010

Lack of protective effect of menhaden oil supplementation on rat liver steatosis induced by a carbohydrate-rich diet.

scientific article published in July 1998

Lipid peroxidation is not a prerequisite for the development of obesity and diabetes in high-fat-fed mice

scientific article published on 23 January 2009

Mapping of oxygen by imaging lipids relaxation enhancement: a potential sensitive endogenous MRI contrast to map variations in tissue oxygenation

scientific article

Maternal Linoleic Acid Overconsumption Alters Offspring Gut and Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in Young but Not Older Adult Rats

scientific article published on 11 November 2020

Metabolite profiling reveals the interaction of chitin-glucan with the gut microbiota

scientific article published on 01 November 2020

Microbial modulation of energy availability in the colon regulates intestinal transit

scientific article published on November 2013

Microbiome of prebiotic-treated mice reveals novel targets involved in host response during obesity

scientific article

Microbiome response to diet: focus on obesity and related diseases

scientific article published on 20 July 2020

Microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: promising prospects for clinical interventions?

scientific article published on 18 June 2019

Milk Polar Lipids in a High-Fat Diet Can Prevent Body Weight Gain: Modulated Abundance of Gut Bacteria in Relation with Fecal Loss of Specific Fatty Acids

scientific article published on 25 January 2019

Modifications of liver bile acids pool during modulation of rat hepatocarcinogenesis by phenobarbital and nafenopin.

scientific article published on January 1994

Modulation of paracetamol metabolism by Kupffer cells: A study on rat liver slices

scientific article published on 01 January 1999

Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic and probiotic properties

scientific article

Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic properties: consequences for host health in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome

scientific article

Multi-compartment metabolomics and metagenomics reveal major hepatic and intestinal disturbances in cancer cachectic mice

scientific article published on 17 February 2021

Nicotinamide enhances apoptosis of G(M)-CSF-treated neutrophils and attenuates endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in mice

scientific article published on 03 December 2010

No causal link between obesity and probiotics

scientific article published on 01 December 2009

Non Digestible Oligosaccharides Modulate the Gut Microbiota to Control the Development of Leukemia and Associated Cachexia in Mice.

scientific article published on 22 June 2015

Non-digestible oligosaccharides

Noninvasive monitoring of fibre fermentation in healthy volunteers by analyzing breath volatile metabolites: lessons from the FiberTAG intervention study

scientific article published in 2021

Novel insight into the role of microbiota in colorectal surgery.

scientific article published on 2 February 2017

Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob/ob) and diabetic (db/db) mice: two sides of the same coin

scientific article published on 28 June 2021

Nutritional depletion inn-3 PUFA in apoE knock-out mice: A new model of endothelial dysfunction associated with fatty liver disease

scientific article published on 01 June 2016

Nutritional interest of dietary fiber and prebiotics in obesity: Lessons from the MyNewGut consortium

scientific article published on 09 March 2019

Oligosaccharides: state of the art.

scientific article

Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila increases whole-body energy expenditure and fecal energy excretion in diet-induced obese mice

scientific article published on 13 March 2020

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-null mice have increased white adipose tissue glucose utilization, GLUT4, and fat mass: Role in liver and brain

scientific article

Physiological effects of dietary fructans extracted from Agave tequilana Gto. and Dasylirion spp.

scientific article published on 22 August 2007

Phytosterol analysis and characterization in spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) and wheat (T. aestivum L.) lipids by LC/APCI-MS

Polyphenol-rich extract of pomegranate peel alleviates tissue inflammation and hypercholesterolaemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice: potential implication of the gut microbiota

scientific article published on 7 June 2012

Potential interest of gut microbial changes induced by non-digestible carbohydrates of wheat in the management of obesity and related disorders

scientific article

Potential modulation of plasma ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 by anorexigenic cannabinoid compounds, SR141716A (rimonabant) and oleoylethanolamide

scientific article published in November 2004

Prebiotic approach alleviates hepatic steatosis: implication of fatty acid oxidative and cholesterol synthesis pathways

scientific article

Prebiotic effects of wheat arabinoxylan related to the increase in bifidobacteria, Roseburia and Bacteroides/Prevotella in diet-induced obese mice

scientific article

Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits

scientific article

Prebiotics and lipid metabolism.

scientific article

Prebiotics: actual and potential effects in inflammatory and malignant colonic diseases

scientific article

Probiotic and prebiotic claims in Europe: seeking a clear roadmap

scientific article published on 21 June 2011

Protective effect of dietary fructo-oligosaccharide in young rats against exocrine pancreas atrophy induced by high fructose and partial copper deficiency

scientific article published on 01 August 1995

Reduced obesity, diabetes and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier.

scientific article

Reduction in hepatic cytochrome P-450 is correlated to the degree of liver fat content in animal models of steatosis in the absence of inflammation.

scientific article published in March 1998

Relation between colonic proglucagon expression and metabolic response to oligofructose in high fat diet-fed mice

scientific article published on 20 May 2006

Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice

scientific article

Restoring an adequate dietary fiber intake by inulin supplementation: a pilot study showing an impact on gut microbiota and sociability in alcohol use disorder patients

scientific article published on 01 January 2022

Restoring specific lactobacilli levels decreases inflammation and muscle atrophy markers in an acute leukemia mouse model

scientific article

Rhubarb Supplementation Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Association with Increased Akkermansia muciniphila in Mice

scientific article published on 24 September 2020

Rhubarb extract prevents hepatic inflammation induced by acute alcohol intake, an effect related to the modulation of the gut microbiota

scientific article published on 18 March 2016

Ripened dairy products differentially affect hepatic lipid content and adipose tissue oxidative stress markers in obese and type 2 diabetic mice.

scientific article published on 15 February 2012

Role of apoptotic signaling pathway in metabolic disturbances occurring in liver tissue after cryopreservation: Study on rat precision-cut liver slices.

scientific article published on 19 October 2005

Role of central nervous system glucagon-like Peptide-1 receptors in enteric glucose sensing

scientific article published on 2 June 2008

Role of inflammatory pathways, blood mononuclear cells, and gut-derived bacterial products in alcohol dependence.

scientific article published on 14 February 2014

Role of intestinal permeability and inflammation in the biological and behavioral control of alcohol-dependent subjects

scientific article

Role of the lower and upper intestine in the production and absorption of gut microbiota-derived PUFA metabolites

scientific article published on 27 January 2014

SREBP-1 regulates the expression of heme oxygenase 1 and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase regulatory subunit p55 gamma

scientific article

Saccharomyces boulardii administration changes gut microbiota and reduces hepatic steatosis, low-grade inflammation, and fat mass in obese and type 2 diabetic db/db mice

scientific article

Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia.

scientific article

Serum metabolite profiling yields insights into health promoting effect of A. muciniphila in human volunteers with a metabolic syndrome

scientific article published on 01 January 2021

Sirtuin inhibition attenuates the production of inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.

scientific article

Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a source of breadmaking flours and bran naturally enriched in oleic acid and minerals but not phytic acid

scientific article published in April 2005

Spelt (Triticum spelta L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) wholemeals have similar sterol profiles, as determined by quantitative liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis

scientific article

Spirulina Protects against Hepatic Inflammation in Aging: An Effect Related to the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota?

scientific article

Summary and general conclusions/outcomes on the role and fate of sugars in human nutrition and health.

scientific article published on March 2009

Supplementation with Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight and obese human volunteers: a proof-of-concept exploratory study

scientific article published on 01 July 2019

Synbiotic approach restores intestinal homeostasis and prolongs survival in leukaemic mice with cachexia

scientific article

Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics

scientific article published on 09 August 2011

Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Treat Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Ready for Prime Time?

scientific article published in 2022

Targeting the gut microbiota with inulin-type fructans: preclinical demonstration of a novel approach in the management of endothelial dysfunction.

scientific article published on 4 April 2017

Tetrahydro iso-alpha acids from hops improve glucose homeostasis and reduce body weight gain and metabolic endotoxemia in high-fat diet-fed mice

scientific article (publication date: 2012)

The Dietary Fibers–FODMAPs Controversy

The FiberTAG project: Tagging dietary fibre intake by measuring biomarkers related to the gut microbiota and their interest for health

scientific article published on 05 February 2020

The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics

scientific article published on 21 August 2020

The Janus Face of Cereals: Wheat-Derived Prebiotics Counteract the Detrimental Effect of Gluten on Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice Fed a High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet

scientific article published on 11 November 2019

The endocannabinoid system links gut microbiota to adipogenesis

scientific article

The gut microbiome as therapeutic target

scientific article published on 02 February 2011

The link between inflammation, bugs, the intestine and the brain in alcohol dependence

scientific article published on 28 February 2017

The loss of metabolic control on alcohol drinking in heavy drinking alcohol-dependent subjects

scientific article

The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism and metabolic disease

scientific article published on January 2009

The unfolded protein response is activated in skeletal muscle by high-fat feeding: potential role in the downregulation of protein synthesis

scientific article published on 25 May 2010

Towards a more comprehensive concept for prebiotics

scientific article published on 31 March 2015

Towards a multidisciplinary approach to understand and manage obesity and related diseases.

scientific article

Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with bifidogenic properties abolishes metabolic disorders induced by western diet in mice.

scientific article published on 7 March 2018

Wheat-derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides with prebiotic effect increase satietogenic gut peptides and reduce metabolic endotoxemia in diet-induced obese mice.

scientific article published on 23 January 2012

Will isomalto-oligosaccharides, a well-established functional food in Asia, break through the European and American market? The status of knowledge on these prebiotics.

scientific article published on May 2011