List of works - Axel Timmermann

A Nonlinear Mechanism for Decadal El NiñO Amplitude Changes

article by Axel Timmermann published 2002 in Geophysical Research Letters

A Nonlinear Theory for El Niño Bursting

A combination mode of the annual cycle and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation

A mid-Holocene transition in the nitrogen dynamics of the western equatorial Pacific: Evidence of a deepening thermocline?

article

A surface layer variance heat budget for ENSO

article

Abrupt changes in the southern extent of North Atlantic Deep Water during Dansgaard–Oeschger events

Abrupt onset and prolongation of aragonite undersaturation events in the Southern Ocean

An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

scholarly article by E. Freeman et al published August 2015 in Earth and Planetary Science Letters

An Initial Intercomparison of Atmospheric and Oceanic Climatology for the ICE-5G and ICE-4G Models of LGM Paleotopography

An Interhemispheric Tropical Sea Level Seesaw due to El Niño Taimasa

An Organizing Center for Thermohaline Excitability

scientific article published in 2004

Antarctic iceberg impacts on future Southern Hemisphere climate

scientific article published in 2019

Antarctic sea-ice expansion and Southern Ocean cooling linked to tropical variability

scientific article published on 14 April 2022

Assessing divergent SST behavior during the last 21 ka derived from alkenones and G. ruber-Mg/Ca in the equatorial Pacific

scholarly article

Biophysical Feedbacks in the Tropical Pacific

article

CO2 radiative forcing and Intertropical Convergence Zone influences on western Pacific warm pool climate over the past 400ka

article

Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: a multi-model analysis

scholarly article

Caspian Sea and Black Sea Response to Greenhouse Warming in a High‐Resolution Global Climate Model

scientific article published in 2021

Changes in South Pacific rainfall bands in a warming climate

article

Changes of Enso stability due to greenhouse warming

article

Charging El Niño with off-equatorial westerly wind events

article

Climate and biogeochemical response to a rapid melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during interglacials and implications for future climate

article

Climate and marine carbon cycle response to changes in the strength of the Southern Hemispheric westerlies

article

Climate change dynamics of present and past in the North Pacific and its northern marginal seas

scholarly article by Naomi Harada et al published February 2012 in Deep-Sea Research. Part 2: Topical Studies in Oceanography

Climate change. What drives climate flip-flops?

scientific article published in July 2009

Climate effects on archaic human habitats and species successions

scientific article published in 2022

Climate shifts orchestrated hominin interbreeding events across Eurasia

scientific article published on 10 August 2023

Climate-human interaction associated with southeast Australian megafauna extinction patterns

scientific article published on 22 November 2019

Coherent Resonant Millennial-Scale Climate Oscillations Triggered by Massive Meltwater Pulses

Combination Mode Dynamics of the Anomalous Northwest Pacific Anticyclone*

article

Comments on “Noise-Induced Transitions in a Simplified Model of the Thermohaline Circulation”

scientific article published in 2002

Corrigendum to “Millennial to orbital-scale variations of drought intensity in the Eastern Mediterranean” [Quat. Sci. Rev. 133 (2016) 77–95]

scholarly article

Decadal ENSO amplitude modulations: a nonlinear paradigm

article by Axel Timmermann published June 2003 in Global and Planetary Change

Decadal predictability of soil water, vegetation, and wildfire frequency over North America

scholarly article by Yoshimitsu Chikamoto et al published 18 January 2015 in Climate Dynamics

Deconstructing the Last Glacial termination: the role of millennial and orbital-scale forcings

scholarly article

Deepwater formation in the North Pacific during the Last Glacial Termination

scientific article

Description of the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM version 1.2

article

Detecting regional anthropogenic trends in ocean acidification against natural variability

Detecting the Nonstationary Response of ENSO to Greenhouse Warming

article

Drivers of future seasonal cycle changes in oceanic &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

scientific article published in 2018

Drivers of river reactivation in North Africa during the last glacial cycle

scientific article published in 2021

Dynamics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Part 1: Buoyancy-forced response

article

Dynamics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Part 2: Forcing by winds and buoyancy

article

ENSO Seasonal Synchronization Theory

ENSO Suppression due to Weakening of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation

ENSO and greenhouse warming

article

ENSO-driven interhemispheric Pacific mass transports

article

Early Pliocene increase in thermohaline overturning: A precondition for the development of the modern equatorial Pacific cold tongue

article

Eastern tropical Pacific hydrologic changes during the past 27,000 years from D/H ratios in alkenones

Effects of Salt Compensation on the Climate Model Response in Simulations of Large Changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation*

article

Effects of biologically induced differential heating in an eddy-permitting coupled ocean-ecosystem model

scholarly article

El Niño-Southern Oscillation frequency cascade

scientific article

Emerging unprecedented lake ice loss in climate change projections

scientific article published in 2022

Empirical Dynamical System Modeling of ENSO Using Nonlinear Inverse Techniques

scientific article published in 2001

Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents

article

Ensemble-mean dynamics of the ENSO recharge oscillator under state-dependent stochastic forcing

article

Estimated strength of the Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation

article

Estimating Three‐Dimensional Carbon‐To‐Phosphorus Stoichiometry of Exported Marine Organic Matter

scientific article published in 2022

Evidence for 800years of North Atlantic multi-decadal variability from a Puerto Rican speleothem

article

Evolution and forcing mechanisms of El Niño over the past 21,000 years

scientific article

Extreme glacial cooling likely led to hominin depopulation of Europe in the Early Pleistocene

scientific article published on 10 August 2023

Fast advective recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation after a Heinrich event

Future high-resolution El Niño/Southern Oscillation dynamics

scientific article published in 2021

Geochemical and climate modeling evidence for Holocene aridification in Hawaii: dynamic response to a weakening equatorial cold tongue

article

Hindcasting the continuum of Dansgaard–Oeschger variability: mechanisms, patterns and timing

article

Impact of diurnal atmosphere–ocean coupling on tropical climate simulations using a coupled GCM

Impacts of ocean gateway and basin width on Tertiary tropical climate variability in a prototype model

article

Improved Representation of Tropical Pacific Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamics in an Intermediate Complexity Climate Model

Increased frequency of extreme La Niña events under greenhouse warming

article

Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming

article

Inferred changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries

article

Influences of Atlantic Climate Change on the Tropical Pacific via the Central American Isthmus*

scholarly article by Shang-Ping Xie et al published August 2008 in Journal of Climate

Intensification of the annual cycle in the tropical Pacific due to greenhouse warming

article

Intensification of tropical Pacific biological productivity due to volcanic eruptions

scholarly article

Interactions between marine biota and ENSO: a conceptual model analysis

article

Interannual to Decadal Predictability in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Model

article

Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a model-data comparison using ensemble simulations

scholarly article

Is the wind stress forcing essential for the meridional overturning circulation?

scholarly article

Late Pleistocene climate drivers of early human migration

scientific article

Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period

Mechanisms and predictability of multiyear ecosystem variability in the North Pacific

Mechanisms for millennial-scale global synchronization during the last glacial period

Mechanisms for the Onset of the African Humid Period and Sahara Greening 14.5–11 ka BP*

Mechanisms rectifying the annual mean response of tropical Atlantic rainfall to precessional forcing

article

Meridional reorganizations of marine and terrestrial productivity during Heinrich events

Millennial to orbital-scale variations of drought intensity in the Eastern Mediterranean

scholarly article

Millennial-scale Atlantic/East Pacific sea surface temperature linkages during the last 100,000 years

scholarly article by Nathalie Dubois et al published June 2014 in Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Millennial-scale glacial meltwater pulses and their effect on the spatiotemporal benthic δ18O variability

Millennial-scale variability in Antarctic ice-sheet discharge during the last deglaciation

scientific article (publication date: 28 May 2014)

Mixed-Mode Oscillations of El Niño–Southern Oscillation ⬇️

Modeling Obliquity and CO2 Effects on Southern Hemisphere Climate during the Past 408 ka

Modeling evidence for enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation amplitude during the Last Glacial Maximum

article

Modes of climate variability as simulated by a coupled general circulation model. Part I: ENSO-like climate variability and its low-frequency modulation

article

Modulation of the bipolar seesaw in the Southeast Pacific during Termination 1

scholarly article

More extreme swings of the South Pacific convergence zone due to greenhouse warming

scientific article published on August 2012

Multi-year predictability of climate, drought, and wildfire in southwestern North America

scientific article

Near collapse of the meridional SST gradient in the eastern equatorial Pacific during Heinrich Stadial 1

Noise-Induced Transitions in a Simplified Model of the Thermohaline Circulation

article

Nonlinear climate sensitivity and its implications for future greenhouse warming.

scientific article

North American April tornado occurrences linked to global sea surface temperature anomalies

scientific article published on 21 August 2019

North Pacific Climate Response to Freshwater Forcing in the Subarctic North Atlantic: Oceanic and Atmospheric Pathways

article

Northern Hemispheric Interdecadal Variability: A Coupled Air–Sea Mode

Ocean circulation reconstructions from εNd: A model-based feasibility study

article

On the definition of seasons in paleoclimate simulations with orbital forcing

Phase synchronization of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation with the annual cycle

scientific article published on 13 September 2011

Photon interferometry of quark-gluon dynamics reexamined

article

Phytoplankton influences on tropical climate

scholarly article by Axel Timmermann & Fei-Fei Jin published December 2002 in Geophysical Research Letters

Potential Feedbacks Between Pacific Ocean Ecosystems and Interdecadal Climate Variations

article

Potential tropical Atlantic impacts on Pacific decadal climate trends

scholarly article by Y. Chikamoto et al published 2 July 2016 in Geophysical Research Letters

Promotion of glacial ice sheet buildup 60-115 kyr B.P. by precessionally paced Northern Hemispheric meltwater pulses

article published in 2010

Quantifying the ocean's role in glacial CO<sub>2</sub> reductions

Radiocarbon age anomaly at intermediate water depth in the Pacific Ocean during the last deglaciation

article

Rainfall and Salinity Effects on Future Pacific Climate Change

scientific article published in 2023

Recent Walker circulation strengthening and Pacific cooling amplified by Atlantic warming

article

Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus

scientific article (publication date: 9 February 2014)

Reconstructing surface temperature changes over the past 600 years using climate model simulations with data assimilation

article

Reconstruction of seasonal precipitation in Hawai'i using high-resolution carbon isotope measurements across tree rings

scholarly article

Reduced interannual rainfall variability in East Africa during the last ice age.

scientific article published on August 2011

Reduced tropical cyclone densities and ocean effects due to anthropogenic greenhouse warming

scientific article published on 16 December 2020

Regional Patterns of Tropical Indo-Pacific Climate Change: Evidence of the Walker Circulation Weakening*

article

Relaxation oscillators in concert: A framework for climate change at millennial timescales during the late Pleistocene

scholarly article by Michael Schulz et al published December 2002 in Geophysical Research Letters

Removing the North Pacific halocline: Effects on global climate, ocean circulation and the carbon cycle

Reply to “Comments on ‘Combination Mode Dynamics of the Anomalous Northwest Pacific Anticyclone’”*

article

Revisiting ENSO/Indian Ocean Dipole phase relationships

scholarly article by Malte F. Stuecker et al published 13 March 2017 in Geophysical Research Letters

Role of the Bering Strait on the hysteresis of the ocean conveyor belt circulation and glacial climate stability

scientific article published on 9 April 2012

Sea surface temperature changes in the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent North Pacific during the last glacial maximum and deglaciation

Seasonal Synchronization of ENSO Events in a Linear Stochastic Model*

article

Simulating Marine Isotope Stage 7 with a coupled climate–ice sheet model

scientific article published in 2020

Simulation of the Last 21000 Years Using Accelerated Transient Boundary Conditions

Skilful multi-year predictions of tropical trans-basin climate variability

scientific article published on 21 April 2015

Southern Hemisphere and deep-sea warming led deglacial atmospheric CO2 rise and tropical warming

scientific article

Stable Carbon Isotopes Suggest Large Terrestrial Carbon Inputs to the Global Ocean

scientific article published in 2021

Stochastically Generated North American Megadroughts

Strong El Niño events and nonlinear dynamical heating

scholarly article

Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation.

scientific article published in August 2004

Strong middepth warming and weak radiocarbon imprints in the equatorial Atlantic during Heinrich 1 and Younger Dryas

article

Strong remote control of future equatorial warming by off-equatorial forcing

scientific article published in 2020

Sub-Milankovitch cycles in periplatform carbonates from the early Pliocene Great Bahama Bank

Surface temperature control in the North and tropical Pacific during the last glacial maximum

scholarly article

Synoptic Reorganization of Atmospheric Flow during the Last Glacial Maximum*

The Curious Case of the EL Niño That Never Happened: A Perspective from 40 Years of Progress in Climate Research and Forecasting

The Effect of Explosive Tropical Volcanism on ENSO

The Effect of Orbital Forcing on the Mean Climate and Variability of the Tropical Pacific

The Effect of the South Pacific Convergence Zone on the Termination of El Niño Events and the Meridional Asymmetry of ENSO*

article

The Holocene temperature conundrum

scientific article

The Influence of ENSO on the Generation of Decadal Variability in the North Pacific

scientific article

The Influence of a Weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on ENSO

The Inverse Effect of Annual-Mean State and Annual-Cycle Changes on ENSO

The Roles of CO2 and Orbital Forcing in Driving Southern Hemispheric Temperature Variations during the Last 21000 Yr

The climate response of the Indo-Pacific warm pool to glacial sea level ⬇️

article

The effect of topography-enhanced diapycnal mixing on ocean and atmospheric circulation and marine biogeochemistry

scholarly article

The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño

article

The influence of the Galápagos Islands on tropical temperatures, currents and the generation of tropical instability waves

scholarly article

The mechanism behind internally generated centennial-to-millennial scale climate variability in an earth system model of intermediate complexity

article

The response of ENSO flavors to mid-Holocene climate: Implications for proxy interpretation

article

The role of soil processes inδ18O terrestrial climate proxies

Thermal photon production in heavy-ion collisions

article

Timing and magnitude of Southern Ocean sea ice/carbon cycle feedbacks

scientific article published on 18 February 2020

Towards a quantitative understanding of millennial-scale Antarctic warming events

article

Trophic level decoupling drives future changes in phytoplankton bloom phenology

scientific article published in 2022

Tropical Air–Sea Interactions Accelerate the Recovery of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation after a Major Shutdown

article

Tropical Pacific SST Drivers of Recent Antarctic Sea Ice Trends

article

Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO) indistinguishable from white noise

scholarly article by Malte F. Stuecker et al published 28 September 2015 in Geophysical Research Letters

Unraveling El Niño's impact on the East Asian Monsoon and Yangtze River summer flooding

article

Using palaeo-climate comparisons to constrain future projections in CMIP5

Using paleoclimate proxy-data to select optimal realisations in an ensemble of simulations of the climate of the past millennium

article

Variability in North Pacific intermediate and deep water ventilation during Heinrich events in two coupled climate models

article

Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle: Coral Reef Vulnerability and Management Implications

article

Wind Effects on Past and Future Regional Sea Level Trends in the Southern Indo-Pacific*

article published in 2010

Zonal phase propagation of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies: Revisited

scholarly article

List of works by Axel Timmermann

A Nonlinear Mechanism for Decadal El NiñO Amplitude Changes

A Nonlinear Theory for El Niño Bursting

A combination mode of the annual cycle and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation

A mid-Holocene transition in the nitrogen dynamics of the western equatorial Pacific: Evidence of a deepening thermocline?

A surface layer variance heat budget for ENSO

Abrupt changes in the southern extent of North Atlantic Deep Water during Dansgaard–Oeschger events

Abrupt onset and prolongation of aragonite undersaturation events in the Southern Ocean

An Atlantic–Pacific ventilation seesaw across the last deglaciation

An Initial Intercomparison of Atmospheric and Oceanic Climatology for the ICE-5G and ICE-4G Models of LGM Paleotopography

An Interhemispheric Tropical Sea Level Seesaw due to El Niño Taimasa

An Organizing Center for Thermohaline Excitability

Antarctic iceberg impacts on future Southern Hemisphere climate

Antarctic sea-ice expansion and Southern Ocean cooling linked to tropical variability

Assessing divergent SST behavior during the last 21 ka derived from alkenones and G. ruber-Mg/Ca in the equatorial Pacific

Biophysical Feedbacks in the Tropical Pacific

CO2 radiative forcing and Intertropical Convergence Zone influences on western Pacific warm pool climate over the past 400ka

Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: a multi-model analysis

Caspian Sea and Black Sea Response to Greenhouse Warming in a High‐Resolution Global Climate Model

Changes in South Pacific rainfall bands in a warming climate

Changes of Enso stability due to greenhouse warming

Charging El Niño with off-equatorial westerly wind events

Climate and biogeochemical response to a rapid melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during interglacials and implications for future climate

Climate and marine carbon cycle response to changes in the strength of the Southern Hemispheric westerlies

Climate change dynamics of present and past in the North Pacific and its northern marginal seas

Climate change. What drives climate flip-flops?

Climate effects on archaic human habitats and species successions

Climate shifts orchestrated hominin interbreeding events across Eurasia

Climate-human interaction associated with southeast Australian megafauna extinction patterns

Coherent Resonant Millennial-Scale Climate Oscillations Triggered by Massive Meltwater Pulses

Combination Mode Dynamics of the Anomalous Northwest Pacific Anticyclone*

Comments on “Noise-Induced Transitions in a Simplified Model of the Thermohaline Circulation”

Corrigendum to “Millennial to orbital-scale variations of drought intensity in the Eastern Mediterranean” [Quat. Sci. Rev. 133 (2016) 77–95]

Decadal ENSO amplitude modulations: a nonlinear paradigm

Decadal predictability of soil water, vegetation, and wildfire frequency over North America

Deconstructing the Last Glacial termination: the role of millennial and orbital-scale forcings

Deepwater formation in the North Pacific during the Last Glacial Termination

Description of the Earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM version 1.2

Detecting regional anthropogenic trends in ocean acidification against natural variability

Detecting the Nonstationary Response of ENSO to Greenhouse Warming

Drivers of future seasonal cycle changes in oceanic &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;

Drivers of river reactivation in North Africa during the last glacial cycle

Dynamics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Part 1: Buoyancy-forced response

Dynamics of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Part 2: Forcing by winds and buoyancy

ENSO Seasonal Synchronization Theory

ENSO Suppression due to Weakening of the North Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation

ENSO and greenhouse warming

ENSO-driven interhemispheric Pacific mass transports

Early Pliocene increase in thermohaline overturning: A precondition for the development of the modern equatorial Pacific cold tongue

Eastern tropical Pacific hydrologic changes during the past 27,000 years from D/H ratios in alkenones

Effects of Salt Compensation on the Climate Model Response in Simulations of Large Changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation*

Effects of biologically induced differential heating in an eddy-permitting coupled ocean-ecosystem model

El Niño-Southern Oscillation frequency cascade

Emerging unprecedented lake ice loss in climate change projections

Empirical Dynamical System Modeling of ENSO Using Nonlinear Inverse Techniques

Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents

Ensemble-mean dynamics of the ENSO recharge oscillator under state-dependent stochastic forcing

Estimated strength of the Atlantic overturning circulation during the last deglaciation

Estimating Three‐Dimensional Carbon‐To‐Phosphorus Stoichiometry of Exported Marine Organic Matter

Evidence for 800years of North Atlantic multi-decadal variability from a Puerto Rican speleothem

Evolution and forcing mechanisms of El Niño over the past 21,000 years

Extreme glacial cooling likely led to hominin depopulation of Europe in the Early Pleistocene

Fast advective recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation after a Heinrich event

Future high-resolution El Niño/Southern Oscillation dynamics

Geochemical and climate modeling evidence for Holocene aridification in Hawaii: dynamic response to a weakening equatorial cold tongue

Hindcasting the continuum of Dansgaard–Oeschger variability: mechanisms, patterns and timing

Impact of diurnal atmosphere–ocean coupling on tropical climate simulations using a coupled GCM

Impacts of ocean gateway and basin width on Tertiary tropical climate variability in a prototype model

Improved Representation of Tropical Pacific Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamics in an Intermediate Complexity Climate Model

Increased frequency of extreme La Niña events under greenhouse warming

Increasing frequency of extreme El Niño events due to greenhouse warming

Inferred changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries

Influences of Atlantic Climate Change on the Tropical Pacific via the Central American Isthmus*

Intensification of the annual cycle in the tropical Pacific due to greenhouse warming

Intensification of tropical Pacific biological productivity due to volcanic eruptions

Interactions between marine biota and ENSO: a conceptual model analysis

Interannual to Decadal Predictability in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere General Circulation Model

Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a model-data comparison using ensemble simulations

Is the wind stress forcing essential for the meridional overturning circulation?

Late Pleistocene climate drivers of early human migration

Drivers of future seasonal cycle changes in oceanic <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>