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List of works by Axel Petzold

A conscious rethink: Why is brain tissue commonly preserved in the archaeological record? Commentary on: Petrone P, Pucci P, Niola M, et al. Heat-induced brain vitrification from the Vesuvius eruption in C.E. 79. N Engl J Med 2020;382:383-4.

commentary

A consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking.

scientific article

A dam for retrograde axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis?

scientific article published on 28 January 2014

A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the neurofilament heavy chain protein

scientific article published on 01 February 2010

A method to solubilise protein aggregates for immunoassay quantification which overcomes the neurofilament "hook" effect

scientific article published on 4 December 2010

A motor neuron strategy to save time and energy in neurodegeneration: adaptive protein stoichiometry

scientific article published on 01 September 2018

A novel biomarker for retinal degeneration: vitreous body neurofilament proteins.

scientific article published on 22 September 2009

A rare cause for visual symptoms in multiple sclerosis: posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia of Lutz, a historical misnomer

scientific article published on 13 February 2017

A simple sign for recognizing off-axis OCT measurement beam placement in the context of multicentre studies

scientific article

A systematic review and meta-analysis of CSF neurofilament protein levels as biomarkers in dementia.

scientific article published on January 2007

A worldwide multicentre comparison of assays for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease

scientific article

Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E and amyloid beta-protein after traumatic brain injury.

scientific article

AlzEye: longitudinal record-level linkage of ophthalmic imaging and hospital admissions of 353 157 patients in London, UK

scientific article published on 16 March 2022

An early case of a natural barrier to axonal degeneration

scientific article published on 3 October 2016

An unbiased, staged, multicentre, validation strategy for Alzheimer's disease CSF tau levels

scientific article published on 11 December 2009

Anti-voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.4 antibodies in myasthenia gravis ⬇️

scientific article published on December 14, 2011

Aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in immune-mediated optic neuritis at long-term follow-up

scientific article published on 22 May 2019

Assessing visual fields for driving in patients with paracentral scotomata

scientific article published on 25 October 2007

Astrocytic outer retinal layer thinning is not a feature in AQP4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

scientific article published on 28 October 2021

Autoimmunity in visual loss.

scientific article published on January 2016

Axonal damage accumulates in the progressive phase of multiple sclerosis: three year follow up study.

scientific article

Axonal damage and outcome in subarachnoid haemorrhage.

scientific article

Axonal damage in the making: neurofilament phosphorylation, proton mobility and magnetisation transfer in multiple sclerosis normal appearing white matter

scientific article

Axonal damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid are increased in ALS.

scientific article

Axonal damage markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with clinically isolated syndrome improve predicting conversion to definite multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 01 April 2006

Batch prepared protein standards for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for neurodegeneration

scientific article published on 09 September 2010

Bidirectional trans-synaptic axonal degeneration in the visual pathway in multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 27 June 2014

Biomarker time out.

scientific article published on 20 February 2014

Blood and CSF Biomarker Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Data Interpretation ⬇️

scientific article published on April 14, 2011

CSF biomarkers for improved prognostic accuracy in acute CNS disease

scientific article

CSF levels of glutamine synthetase and GFAP to explore astrocytic damage in seronegative NMOSD

scientific article published on 26 March 2020

CSF neurofilament levels: a potential prognostic marker in Guillain-Barré syndrome

scientific article published on 01 September 2006

CSF nitric oxide metabolites are associated with activity and progression of multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 01 October 2004

CSF protein biomarkers for proximal axonal damage improve prognostic accuracy in the acute phase of Guillain-Barré syndrome

scientific article published on 01 July 2009

Cannabinoids inhibit neurodegeneration in models of multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 22 July 2003

Case 3-2017: A Man with Cardiac Sarcoidosis and New Diplopia and Weakness

scientific article published in May 2017

Case for a new corticosteroid treatment trial in optic neuritis: review of updated evidence

scientific article published on 18 November 2019

Central and paracentral visual field defects and driving abilities.

scientific article

Central pain after pontine infarction is associated with changes in opioid receptor binding: a PET study with 11C-diprenorphine

scientific article published in April 1999

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum S100B: release and wash-out pattern

scientific article published in August 2003

Cerebrospinal fluid ATP metabolites in multiple sclerosis

scientific article published in March 2010

Cerebrospinal fluid S100B correlates with brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease

scientific article published in January 2003

Cerebrospinal fluid analyses for the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage and experience from a Swedish study. What method is preferable when diagnosing a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

scientific article

Cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E concentration decreases after traumatic brain injury.

scientific article published in March 2003

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Guillain-Barré syndrome--where do we stand?

scientific article published on January 2009

Cerebrospinal fluid brain specific proteins in relation to nitric oxide metabolites during relapse of multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 24 September 2007

Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin level, a sensitive diagnostic test in late-presenting subarachnoid hemorrhage.

scientific article

Cerebrospinal fluid transferrin levels are reduced in patients with early multiple sclerosis

scientific article

Cerebrospinal fluid-based diagnostics of CT-negative subarachnoid haemorrhage

scientific article published in August 2010

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with Pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids and fatal B-cell lymphoma--reply

scientific article published in November 2013

Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy: a systematic review of 122 cases reported ⬇️

scientific article published on May 23, 2013

Clinical disorders affecting mesopic vision.

scientific article

Clinical training in multiple sclerosis

Cognitive, biochemical, and imaging profile of patients suffering from idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

scientific article published on 14 July 2011

Comment on "chronic traumatic encephalopathy in blast-exposed military veterans and a blast neurotrauma mouse model".

scientific article published on October 24, 2012

Comparison of two ELISA methods for measuring levels of the phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain

scientific article published on 07 November 2006

Consensus Guidelines for CSF and Blood Biobanking for CNS Biomarker Studies

scientific article

Critical illness brain syndrome (CIBS): an underestimated entity?

scientific article

Current and future potential of retinal optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis with and without optic neuritis

scientific article published on January 2014

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E after subarachnoid hemorrhage: correlation with injury severity and clinical outcome.

scientific article published on 13 February 2003

Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune optic neuropathy.

scientific article

Diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography inter-eye percentage difference for optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis.

scientific article published on 8 September 2017

Diagnostic clues and manifesting carriers in fukutin-related protein (FKRP) limb-girdle muscular dystrophy

scientific article published on 9 December 2014

Differential pattern of brain-specific CSF proteins tau and amyloid-β in Parkinsonian syndromes

scientific article

Disease course heterogeneity and OCT in multiple sclerosis

scientific article

Distribution of retinal layer atrophy in patients with Parkinson disease and association with disease severity and duration

scientific article published in October 2014

Early identification of secondary brain damage in subarachnoid hemorrhage: a role for glial fibrillary acidic protein

scientific article published in July 2006

Effects of repeated intrathecal triamcinolone-acetonide application on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of axonal damage and glial activity in multiple sclerosis patients.

scientific article

Elevated CSF neurofilament proteins predict brain atrophy: A 15-year follow-up study

scientific article

Elevated vitreous body glial fibrillary acidic protein in retinal diseases

scientific article

Embolic and nonembolic transient monocular visual field loss: a clinicopathologic review.

scientific article published on January 2013

Evidence for acute neurotoxicity after chemotherapy ⬇️

scientific article published on December 1, 2010

Exceptional preservation of a prehistoric human brain from Heslington, Yorkshire, UK

Expanding the phenotype of MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): half a century of epilepsy and relapsing optic neuritis

scientific article published on 04 November 2020

Extracellular N-acetylaspartate depletion in traumatic brain injury

scientific article published on 20 December 2005

Fatal B-cell lymphoma following chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids

scientific article published on 01 July 2013

Free phenytoin concentration measurement in brain extracellular fluid: a pilot study.

scientific article published in October 2006

Glial S100B is elevated in serum across the spectrum of West Nile virus infection

scientific article published on June 2012

Glial and axonal body fluid biomarkers are related to infarct volume, severity, and outcome

scientific article published in July 2008

Glial but not axonal protein biomarkers as a new supportive diagnostic criteria for Devic neuromyelitis optica? Preliminary results on 188 patients with different neurological diseases

scientific article published on 28 July 2010

Glial fibrillary acidic protein in Guillain-Barré syndrome: Methodological issues.

scientific article published in May 2009

Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a body fluid biomarker for glial pathology in human disease

scientific article published on 25 December 2014

High CSF neurofilament heavy chain levels in neuromyelitis optica

scientific article published on 01 March 2007

High intracranial pressure, brain herniation and death in cerebral venous thrombosis

scientific article published on 05 January 2006

Hue memory and discrimination in young children

scientific article published in December 1998

Hyperacute detection of neurofilament heavy chain in serum following stroke: a transient sign

scientific article

Improving the recovery of S100B protein in cerebral microdialysis: implications for multimodal monitoring in neurocritical care.

scientific article published on 14 March 2009

In vivo monitoring of neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study.

scientific article

Increase of uric acid and purine compounds in biological fluids of multiple sclerosis patients

scientific article

Increased neurofilament light chain blood levels in neurodegenerative neurological diseases

scientific article

Influence of the eye-tracking-based follow-up function in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using fourier-domain optical coherence tomography

scientific article

International Issues: the EAYNT: ten years of unifying European junior neurologists

scientific article published in January 2011

Isolated, relapsing and progressive demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.

scientific article published on December 2008

Longitudinal development of PHOMS suggest a novel pathological pathway in MS

scientific article published on 19 May 2020

Loss of retinal nerve fibre layer axons indicates white but not grey matter damage in early multiple sclerosis.

scientific article

Marathon related death due to brainstem herniation in rehydration-related hyponatraemia: a case report.

scientific article

Matrix metalloproteinases in myasthenia gravis

scientific article

Measurement of high affinity antibodies on antigen-immunoblots

scientific article published on 24 January 2006

Metabolic failure precedes intracranial pressure rises in traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study

scientific article published on 18 April 2008

Microcystic macular oedema confirmed, but not specific for multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 17 October 2012

Microcystic macular oedema in MS: T2 lesion or black hole? ⬇️

scientific article published on 04 October 2012

Mild progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after switching from natalizumab to ocrelizumab

scientific article published on 13 October 2020

Multiple sclerosis: Neurofilament light chain antibodies are correlated to cerebral atrophy

scientific article published in January 2003

Multirater Validation of Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-like Structures (PHOMS)

scientific article published on 16 July 2020

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review

scientific article published on 19 September 2014

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review

scientific article published on 14 May 2014

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review

scientific article published on 22 January 2015

Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review

Neurodegeneration in MS and NMO: The Eye and the Blood.

scientific article

Neurofilament ELISA validation

scientific article published on 24 October 2009

Neurofilament heavy chain and heat shock protein 70 as markers of seizure-related brain injury.

scientific article published on 17 April 2012

Neurofilament heavy chain as a marker of neuroaxonal pathology and prognosis in acute encephalitis

scientific article

Neurofilament heavy chain in CSF correlates with relapses and disability in multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 23 February 2011

Neurofilament heavy-chain NfHSMI35 in cerebrospinal fluid supports the differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes

scientific article published on 01 December 2006

Neurofilament light chain: A prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

scientific article published on May 2015

Neurofilament stoichiometry simulations during neurodegeneration suggest a remarkable self-sufficient and stable in vivo protein structure ⬇️

scientific article published on May 23, 2011

Neurofilaments as a plasma biomarker for ICU-acquired weakness: an observational pilot study

scientific article

Neurology training around the world: asking the trainees

scientific article published on 01 January 2010

Neuromyelitis optica-IgG (aquaporin-4) autoantibodies in immune mediated optic neuritis

scientific article published on 01 January 2010

Neuronal and glial cerebrospinal fluid protein biomarkers are elevated after West Nile virus infection

scientific article published on January 2010

Neuroprotection and visual function after optic neuritis.

scientific article published on 09 December 2016

No evidence for MSRV viraemia and glial cell death in acute optic neuritis

scientific article published on 01 August 2005

Ocular Flutter Following Adenoviral Conjunctivitis in an Adult.

scientific article published on 06 October 2010

Optic Neuritis: Another Dickensian Diagnosis

scientific article

Optic flow induced nystagmus.

scientific article

Optical Coherence Tomography Reveals Distinct Patterns of Retinal Damage in Neuromyelitis Optica and Multiple Sclerosis

scientific article

Optical Coherence Tomography to Assess Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis

scientific article published in January 2016

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in neuro-ophthalmology

scientific article published on 25 November 2020

Optical coherence tomography angiography and retinal microvascular ramification in acute macular neuroretinopathy and paracentral acute middle maculopathy

scientific article published on 18 December 2016

Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

scientific article published on September 2010

Pain in Optic Perineuritis: Author Response.

scientific article published on April 2015

Pain management in neurocritical care.

scientific article published on October 2013

Patterns of non-embolic transient monocular visual field loss

scientific article published on 6 April 2013

Physiological variation of retinal layer thickness is not caused by hydration: a randomised trial

scientific article published on 30 June 2014

Physiological variation of segmented OCT retinal layer thicknesses is short-lasting

scientific article published on 8 October 2013

Plasma neurofilament heavy chain is not a useful biomarker in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

scientific article published on 27 April 2016

Plasma neurofilament heavy chain levels and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: insights from a longitudinal study

scientific article published on 9 July 2014

Plasma neurofilament heavy chain levels correlate to markers of late stage disease progression and treatment response in SOD1(G93A) mice that model ALS

scientific article

Plasma neurofilament heavy chain levels in Huntington's disease

scientific article

Prefoveal floaters as a differential diagnosis to optic neuritis: "mouches dormantes".

scientific article published on 17 June 2017

Quality control for retinal OCT in multiple sclerosis: validation of the OSCAR-IB criteria

scientific article published on 16 June 2014

Quantification of neurodegeneration by measurement of brain-specific proteins ⬇️

scientific article published on May 1, 2003

Rapidly developing intimal fibrosis mimicking giant cell arteritis.

scientific article published on January 2002

Re: Garcia-Martin et al.: Retinal layer segmentation in patients with multiple sclerosis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Ophthalmology 2014;121:573-9)

scientific article published on 24 October 2014

Recurrent Optic Perineuritis after Intranasal Cocaine Abuse

scientific article published on 25 February 2014

Recurrent ptosis due to myopathy of the levator palpebrae superioris.

scientific article

Remote ischemic preconditioning protects the brain against injury after hypothermic circulatory arrest

scientific article

Repetitive cerebral bleeding in an adult with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome

scientific article published on 01 May 2000

Reply to the letter by Jasmin Zvorničanin on the article Prefoveal floaters as a differential diagnosis to optic neuritis: "mouches dormantes".

scientific article

Retinal Segmentation to Demonstrate Hyperplasia in Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay: Critique on Study Methodology and Results

Retinal atrophy in relation to visual functioning and vision-related quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis

scientific article

Retinal glymphatic system: an explanation for transient retinal layer volume changes?

scientific article published in November 2016

Retinal hyperaemia-related blood vessel artifacts are relevant to automated OCT layer segmentation

scientific article published on 5 January 2014

Retinal layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

scientific article published on 12 September 2017

Retinal optical coherence tomography shows optic disc changes in low intracranial pressure headaches: a case report

scientific article published on 3 January 2018

Retinal thickness measured with optical coherence tomography and risk of disability worsening in multiple sclerosis: a cohort study

scientific article

Roadmap and standard operating procedures for biobanking and discovery of neurochemical markers in ALS.

scientific article published on January 2012

Role of serum S100B as an early predictor of high intracranial pressure and mortality in brain injury: a pilot study

scientific article published in December 2002

Rostrocaudal dynamics of CSF biomarkers

scientific article published on 30 December 2010

Serial cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament heavy chain levels in severe Guillain-Barré syndrome

scientific article published on 29 May 2013

Serial soluble neurofilament heavy chain in plasma as a marker of brain injury after cardiac arrest

scientific article published on 12 December 2012

Serum Compounds of Energy Metabolism Impairment Are Related to Disability, Disease Course and Neuroimaging in Multiple Sclerosis.

scientific article published on 8 November 2016

Serum GFAP levels in optic neuropathies

scientific article published on 10 March 2012

Serum lactate as a novel potential biomarker in multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 13 April 2014

Serum neurofilament light chain is a biomarker of human spinal cord injury severity and outcome

scientific article published on 16 June 2014

Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain levels in multiple sclerosis patients

Short commentary on ‘a consensus protocol for the standardization of cerebrospinal fluid collection and biobanking’

scientific article published on 30 December 2009

Should CLIPPERS be considered a Prelymphoma state or a new Inflammatory disease

scientific article published on 01 September 2013

Software updates of OCT segmentation algorithms influence longitudinal assessment of retinal atrophy

scientific article published on 3 February 2018

Spectrophotometry for Xanthochromia

scientific article (publication date: 14 October 2004)

Spectrophotometry for cerebrospinal fluid pigment analysis.

scientific article

Structure-function relationships in the visual system in multiple sclerosis: an MEG and OCT study.

scientific article published on 25 July 2017

Temporal Alterations in Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid β-Protein and Apolipoprotein E After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ⬇️

scientific article published on November 6, 2003

The APOSTEL recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies

scientific article

The Bryan cervical disc prosthesis as an alternative to arthrodesis in the treatment of cervical spondylosis: 46 consecutive cases

scientific article published in April 2005

The Historical Origin of the Pulfrich Effect: A Serendipitous Astronomic Observation at the Border of the Milky Way

scientific article (publication date: 2009)

The OSCAR-IB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment

scientific article

The Pulfrich Phenomenon: Practical Implications of the Assessment of Cases and Effectiveness of Treatment

scientific article published on 25 April 2018

The clinical spectrum of microcystic macular edema

scientific article published on 18 February 2014

The diagnostic and prognostic value of neurofilament heavy chain levels in immune-mediated optic neuropathies.

scientific article published on 17 December 2012

The impact of Tween 20 on repeatability of amyloid β and tau measurements in cerebrospinal fluid

scientific article

The investigation of acute optic neuritis: a review and proposed protocol

scientific article published on 08 July 2014

The longitudinal profile of bilirubin and ferritin in the cerebrospinal fluid following a subarachnoid hemorrhage: diagnostic implications.

scientific article published in December 2009

The neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) in the cerebrospinal fluid diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

scientific article published on 10 February 2006

The neurofilament light chain is not stable in vitro

scientific article published on 01 June 2011

The new global multiple sclerosis severity score (MSSS) correlates with axonal but not glial biomarkers

scientific article published on 01 June 2006

The physiological variation of the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular volume in humans as assessed by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography

scientific article published on 9 March 2012

The prevalence of microcystic macular changes on optical coherence tomography of the macular region in optic nerve atrophy of non-neuritis origin: a prospective study.

scientific article published on 30 June 2015

The pro and the active form of matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

scientific article published on 04 November 2004

The prognostic value of CSF neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis at 15-year follow-up

scientific article

The prognostic value of brain extracellular fluid nitric oxide metabolites after traumatic brain injury.

scientific article published in August 2013

The use of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein measurements in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum optic neuritis

scientific article

The value of the serum neurofilament protein heavy chain as a biomarker for peri-operative brain injury after carotid endarterectomy

scientific article published on 9 May 2009

Time is vision in recurrent optic neuritis

scientific article

Timing of retinal neuronal and axonal loss in MS: a longitudinal OCT study

scientific article published on 03 May 2016

Transient monocular blindness: the controversial role of the ophthalmic artery--response to Rutgers et al. in J Neurol (2003) 250:501-502.

scientific article published in July 2004

Translational evidence for two distinct patterns of neuroaxonal injury in sepsis: a longitudinal, prospective translational study.

scientific article

Triple-H therapy in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage ⬇️

scientific article published on October 1, 2003

Urinary neopterin and nitric oxide metabolites as markers of interferon beta-1a activity in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

scientific article published on 16 July 2010

Video reconstruction of vasospastic transient monocular blindness

scientific article published in April 2003

Visual pathway neurodegeneration winged by mitochondrial dysfunction.

scientific article

What makes a prognostic biomarker in CNS diseases: strategies for targeted biomarker discovery? Part 1: acute and monophasic diseases.

scientific article

What makes a prognostic biomarker in CNS diseases: strategies for targeted biomarker discovery? Part 2: chronic progressive and relapsing disease.

scientific article published on 15 June 2011

Why human color vision cannot reliably detect cerebrospinal fluid xanthochromia

scientific article published on 05 May 2005

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