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List of works by Leonard Amaral

"Non-Antibiotics": alternative therapy for the management of MDRTB and MRSA in economically disadvantaged countries.

scientific article published on July 2006

A Novel Advanced Laboratory Diagnosis to Guide Tuberculosis Drug Therapy

scientific article published on 3 August 2015

A Simple Method for Assessment of MDR Bacteria for Over-Expressed Efflux Pumps

scientific article published on 22 March 2013

Activity of the efflux pump inhibitor SILA 421 against drug-resistant tuberculosis

scholarly article by Sami O. Simons et al published May 2013 in International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

An AcrAB-mediated multidrug-resistant phenotype is maintained following restoration of wild-type activities by efflux pump genes and their regulators

scientific article

An autoradiographic study of root cell differentiation in Zea mays

scientific article published on 01 July 1969

An instrument-free method for the demonstration of efflux pump activity of bacteria

scientific article

An original deal for new molecule: reversal of efflux pump activity, a rational strategy to combat gram-negative resistant bacteria.

scientific article

Antibacterial activity of ergosterol peroxide againstMycobacterium tuberculosis: dependence upon system and medium employed

scientific article published on 01 July 2007

Antibacterial properties of compounds isolated from Carpobrotus edulis.

scientific article

Antibiotic stress, genetic response and altered permeability of E. coli.

scientific article

Antimicrobial activity of phenothiazines.

scientific article

Antiplasmid effect of promethazine in mixed bacterial cultures

scientific article published on September 2003

BM0701: Antibiotic Transport and Efflux: New Strategies to Combat Bacterial Resistance (ATENS)

scholarly article by Jean-Marie Pages et al published 1 February 2011 in Letters in drug design & discovery

Biological activity of twenty-three hydantoin derivatives on intrinsic efflux pump system of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis NCTC 13349.

scientific article published on September 2011

Carpobrotus edulis methanol extract inhibits the MDR efflux pumps, enhances killing of phagocytosed S. aureus and promotes immune modulation

scientific article

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica food and animal isolates from Colombia: identification of a qnrB19-mediated quinolone resistance marker in two novel serovars

scientific article published on 30 September 2010

Characterization of mixtures of compounds produced in chlorpromazine aqueous solutions by ultraviolet laser irradiation: their applications in antimicrobial assays

scientific article

Chlorpromazine has intracellular killing activity against phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus at clinical concentrations

scientific article

Clinical concentrations of thioridazine kill intracellular multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

scientific article

Comparative in vitro activity of phenothiazines against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

scientific article

Competition between substrates of the efflux pump system of Salmonella enteritidis.

scientific article

Contribution of efflux activity to isoniazid resistance in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

scientific article published on 17 August 2011

Contribution of efflux to the emergence of isoniazid and multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

scientific article

Control and regulation of permeability of MDR bacterial pathogens to antibiotics presented by COST Action BM0701

scientific article published on 01 September 2008

Correction: Exploring the contribution of efflux on the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

scientific article published on 6 June 2013

Correction: Exposure of Chlorpromazine to 266 nm Laser Beam Generates New Species with Antibacterial Properties: Contributions to Development of a New Process for Drug Discovery

scientific article (publication date: 29 March 2013)

Demonstration of intrinsic efflux activity of Escherichia coli K-12 AG100 by an automated ethidium bromide method

scientific article

Description of plasmid pSM52, harbouring the gene for the Smr efflux pump, and its involvement in resistance to biocides in a meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.

scientific article published on 21 February 2013

Direct application of the INNO-LiPA Rif.TB line-probe assay for rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains and detection of rifampin resistance in 360 smear-positive respiratory specimens from an area of high incidence of mul

scientific article published on September 2005

Direct modification of bioactive phenothiazines by exposure to laser radiation.

scientific article

Ecdysteroids sensitize MDR and non-MDR cancer cell lines to doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and vincristine but tend to protect them from cisplatin

scientific article published on 17 May 2015

Effective therapy with the neuroleptic thioridazine as an adjunct to second line of defence drugs, and the potential that thioridazine offers for new patents that cover a variety of "new uses".

scientific article published on May 2011

Effects of two disiloxanes ALIS-409 and ALIS-421 on chemoprevention in model experiments.

scientific article published in May 2013

Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria: what they do, how they do it, with what and how to deal with them

scientific article published on 03 January 2014

Efflux pumps of gram-negative bacteria: genetic responses to stress and the modulation of their activity by pH, inhibitors, and phenothiazines.

scientific article published on January 2011

Efflux-mediated response of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to ethidium bromide

scientific article published on 28 May 2008

Elimination of plasmids by SILA compounds that inhibit efflux pumps of bacteria and cancer cells.

scientific article published in July 2007

Enhanced Killing of Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria by Phenothiazines and the Role of K+ Efflux Pumps of the Bacterium and the Killing Macrophage

Enhanced killing of intracellular multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by compounds that affect the activity of efflux pumps

scientific article published on 11 January 2007

Enhancement of antibiotic activity against poly-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by phenothiazines

scientific article published on March 2001

Enhancement of plasmid curing by 9-aminoacridine and two phenothiazines in the presence of proton pump inhibitor 1-(2-benzoxazolyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-propanone

scientific article published in September 2003

Ethidium bromide efflux by Salmonella: modulation by metabolic energy, pH, ions and phenothiazines

scientific article published on 11 May 2011

Ethidium bromide transport across Mycobacterium smegmatis cell-wall: correlation with antibiotic resistance

scientific article

Evaluation of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from Momordica balsamina on P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) by flow cytometry and real-time fluorometry

scientific article

Evaluation of efflux activity of bacteria by a semi-automated fluorometric system

scientific article published on January 2010

Evaluation of forty new phenothiazine derivatives for activity against intrinsic efflux pump systems of reference Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains

scientific article published on September 2011

Evidence of significant synergism between antibiotics and the antipsychotic, antimicrobial drug flupenthixol

scientific article published on 14 October 2011

Exogenous Re-infection by Multiple Exposures to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Contributes to Subsequent Development of Active Tuberculosis

scholarly article by Diane J. Ordway et al published 1 January 2005 in American Journal of Immunology

Exploring the contribution of efflux on the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

scientific article

Exposure of chlorpromazine to 266 nm laser beam generates new species with antibacterial properties: contributions to development of a new process for drug discovery

scientific article

Fluorimetric Methods for Analysis of Permeability, Drug Transport Kinetics, and Inhibition of the ABCB1 Membrane Transporter

scientific article published on January 2016

Fluorometric determination of ethidium bromide efflux kinetics in Escherichia coli

scientific article

Gamma delta T cell responses associated with the development of tuberculosis in health care workers

scientific article

Genetic response of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis to thioridazine rendering the organism resistant to the agent

scientific article

Geraniol restores antibiotic activities against multidrug-resistant isolates from gram-negative species.

scientific article published on 2 March 2009

Identification of Important Compounds Isolated from Natural Sources that Have Activity Against Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cell Lines: Effects on Proliferation, Apoptotic Mechanism and the Efflux Pump Responsible for Multi-resistance Phenotype

scientific article published on November 2016

Identification of breast cancer transcortin and its inhibitory role in cell-mediated immunity

scientific article published on August 1976

Identification of efflux-mediated multi-drug resistance in bacterial clinical isolates by two simple methods

scientific article

Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria in clinical samples using molecular methods: a 3-year study

scientific article published on 14 October 2009

Identification of the plasmid-encoded qacA efflux pump gene in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain HPV107, a representative of the MRSA Iberian clone

scientific article published on December 2010

In vitro activity of thioridazine against mycobacteria

In vitro and ex vivo activity of thioridazine derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

scientific article

Increased Interleukin-4 production by CD8 and gammadelta T cells in health-care workers is associated with the subsequent development of active tuberculosis

scientific article

Inducement and reversal of tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli K-12 and expression of proton gradient-dependent multidrug efflux pump genes

scientific article published on August 2005

Inhibition of drug efflux in mycobacteria with phenothiazines and other putative efflux inhibitors

scientific article published on May 2011

Inhibition of efflux pumps in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis resistant strains by triterpenoids from Momordica balsamina

scientific article published on 13 November 2010

Inhibition of quorum sensing and efflux pump system by trifluoromethyl ketone proton pump inhibitors.

scientific article

Inhibition of quorum-sensing signals by essential oils.

scientific article published in May 2010

Inhibition of the Carpobrotus edulis methanol extract on the growth of phagocytosed multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

scientific article

Inhibition of the respiration of multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by thioridazine: potential use for initial therapy of freshly diagnosed tuberculosis

scientific article published on December 1996

Inhibitors of Ca2+ and K+ transport enhance intracellular killing of M. tuberculosis by non-killing macrophages.

scientific article

Inhibitors of mycobacterial efflux pumps as potential boosters for anti-tubercular drugs

scientific article published on September 2012

Interaction between antibiotics and non-conventional antibiotics on bacteria

scientific article published in April 2000

Intracellular activity of clinical concentrations of phenothiazines including thioridiazine against phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus

scientific article

Ion Channel Blockers as Antimicrobial Agents, Efflux Inhibitors, and Enhancers of Macrophage Killing Activity against Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

scientific article

Isoniazid-induced transient high-level resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

scientific article published on September 2002

It is anticipated that as is usually the case, financial motivation will move TZ from its current status “potential anti-MDR/XDR agent,” to one that will cure MDR and XDR TB. Foreword

scientific article published in May 2011

Mechanisms by which thioridazine in combination with antibiotics cures extensively drug-resistant infections of pulmonary tuberculosis

scientific article published on March 2014

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella: Efflux Pumps, Genetics, Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation

article

Mechanisms of drug efflux and strategies to combat them: challenging the efflux pump of Gram-negative bacteria

scientific article published on 25 December 2008

Mechanisms of resistance in bacteria: an evolutionary approach

scientific article published on 22 March 2013

Modelling of tumour--host coexistence In vitro in the presence of serine protease inhibitors.

scientific article published on September 2009

Modulation of multidrug efflux pump activity by new hydantoin derivatives on colon adenocarcinoma cells without inducing apoptosis

scientific article published on October 2011

Molecular tools for rapid identification and novel effective therapy against MDRTB/XDRTB infections

scientific article published on April 2010

Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus: an Update

scientific article published on 22 March 2013

Multidrug resistance reversing activity of newly developed phenothiazines on P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)-related resistance of mouse T-lymphoma cells

scientific article published on April 2014

Mycobacterial efflux pumps and chemotherapeutic implications.

scientific article

New Roads Leading to Old Destinations: Efflux Pumps as Targets to Reverse Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria.

scientific article published on 15 March 2017

New methods for the identification of efflux mediated MDR bacteria, genetic assessment of regulators and efflux pump constituents, characterization of efflux systems and screening for inhibitors of efflux pumps.

scientific article published on September 2008

New patentable use of an old neuroleptic compound thioridazine to combat tuberculosis: a gene regulation perspective

scientific article published on May 2011

Phenothiazines alter resistance of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to oxacillin in vitro

scientific article published on September 2003

Phenothiazines as anti-multi-drug resistant tubercular agents.

scientific article published on September 2007

Phenothiazines: an alternative to conventional therapy for the initial management of suspected multidrug resistant tuberculosis. A call for studies.

scientific article

Photobactericides—A Local Option against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria.

scientific article published on 27 March 2013

Physiological characterisation of the efflux pump system of antibiotic-susceptible and multidrug-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes

scientific article

Possible Biological and Clinical Applications of Phenothiazines

scientific article published in November 2017

Potential management of resistant microbial infections with a novel non-antibiotic: the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium

scientific article published on 17 July 2007

Potential role of non-antibiotics (helper compounds) in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections: mechanisms for their direct and indirect activities

scientific article published on 03 January 2008

Potential therapy of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis with thioridazine.

scientific article published on March 2012

Predictive value of blood cultures

scientific article published on 01 May 1992

Preface: Regulation and Control of Efflux Pumps that Mediate Multi-drug Resis-tance of Pathogenic Bacteria

scientific article published on 22 March 2013

Prolonged exposure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) COL strain to increasing concentrations of oxacillin results in a multidrug-resistant phenotype

scientific article

Promising therapy of XDR-TB/MDR-TB with thioridazine an inhibitor of bacterial efflux pumps.

scientific article published on September 2008

Pulmonary lesions induced by chronic exposure to ozone. I. Biochemical alterations

scientific article

Quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns of the developing human fetus

scientific article published in April 1973

Quinazoline derivatives are efficient chemosensitizers of antibiotic activity in Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant strains.

scientific article published on 21 May 2010

Rapid, laser-induced conversion of 20-hydroxyecdysone - a follow-up study on the products obtained

scientific article

Resistance to Antimicrobials Mediated by Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus

scientific article published on 13 March 2013

Reversal of ABCB1-related Multidrug Resistance of Colonic Adenocarcinoma Cells by Phenothiazines

scientific article published on June 2015

Review. Comparison of multidrug resistant efflux pumps of cancer and bacterial cells with respect to the same inhibitory agents

scientific article published on March 2007

Role of Phenothiazines and Structurally Similar Compounds of Plant Origin in the Fight against Infections by Drug Resistant Bacteria

scientific article published on 18 February 2013

Role of calcium in the efflux system of Escherichia coli.

scientific article

SILA 421, an inhibitor of efflux pumps of cancer cells, enhances the killing of intracellular extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).

scientific article

Screening for efflux pump systems of bacteria by the new acridine orange agar method.

scientific article published in March 2012

Selective hydroboration of dieneamines. Formation of hydroxyalkylphenothiazines as MDR modulators

scientific article published on 05 June 2012

Since phenothiazines alter antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms by inhibiting efflux pumps, are these agents useful for evaluating similar pumps in phenothiazine-sensitive parasites?

scientific article

Synergic effect of chlorpromazine on the activity of some antibiotics

scientific article published on 01 October 1992

Synergistic interaction between proton pump inhibitors and resistance modifiers: promoting effects of antibiotics and plasmid curing.

scientific article

The Anticancer Activity of the Old Neuroleptic Phenothiazine-type Drug Thioridazine

scientific article published on November 2016

The TB laboratory of the future: macrophage-based selection of XDR-TB therapeutics

scientific article published on April 2008

The added effect of thioridazine in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis

scientific article published on 01 December 2012

The antipsychotic thioridazine shows promising therapeutic activity in a mouse model of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

scientific article

The curative activity of thioridazine on mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

scientific article

The effects of chlorpromazine on the outer cell wall of Salmonella typhimurium in ensuring resistance to the drug

scientific article

The in vitro activity of phenothiazines against Mycobacterium avium: potential of thioridazine for therapy of the co-infected AIDS patient.

scientific article published on July 2005

The in vitro activity of products formed from exposure of chlorpromazine to a 266 nm laser beam against species of mycobacteria of human interest

scientific article

The mechanism by which the phenothiazine thioridazine contributes to cure problematic drug-resistant forms of pulmonary tuberculosis: recent patents for "new use".

scientific article published on December 2013

The mechanism of plasmid curing in bacteria

scientific article published on July 2006

The phenothiazinium chromophore and the evolution of antimalarial drugs

scientific article

The potential management of resistant infections with non-antibiotics

scientific article

The role of efflux pumps in macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium avium complex

scientific article published on 8 September 2009

The vitamin B1 metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus is controlled at enzymatic and transcriptional levels

scientific article

Therapy Of XDR TB with thioridazine a drug beyond patent protection but eligible for patent "as new use".

scientific article published on June 2010

Thioridazine Alters the Cell-Envelope Permeability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

scientific article published on 11 April 2016

Thioridazine and chlorpromazine inhibition of ethidium bromide efflux in Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium smegmatis

scientific article published on 29 February 2008

Thioridazine cures extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and the need for global trials is now!

scientific article

Thioridazine protects the mouse from a virulent infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 74.

scientific article published on 14 December 2009

Thioridazine reduces resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting a reserpine-sensitive efflux pump.

scientific article published on May 2006

Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action

scientific article published on 14 January 2017

Thioridazine: Alternative and Potentially Effective Therapy of the XDRTB Patient

Thioridazine: an old neuroleptic effective against totally drug resistant tuberculosis.

scientific article published on March 2012

Transport of cortisol by cultured chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes

scientific article published on 01 May 1971

Ultrastructure alterations of Staphylococcus aureus exposed to RP59500

scientific article published on 01 March 1994

Why and How the Old Neuroleptic Thioridazine Cures the XDR-TB Patient

scientific article published on 17 September 2012

Why and how thioridazine in combination with antibiotics to which the infective strain is resistant will cure totally drug-resistant tuberculosis

scientific article published on August 2012

Why thioridazine in combination with antibiotics cures extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections

scientific article

pH Modulation of efflux pump activity of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli: protection during its passage and eventual colonization of the colon

scientific article

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