List of works by Ruth Strasser

'Crystal' in the heart.

scientific article

3-T magnetic resonance for determination of aortic valve area: a comparison to echocardiography

scientific article published on 29 April 2014

3T CMR for quantification of aortic valve area - A comparison between continuity equation via phase contrast sequences and planimetric analysis.

scientific article published on 2 February 2011

A novel activation process of protein kinase C in the remote, non-ischemic area of an infarcted heart is mediated by angiotensin-AT1 receptors

scientific article published on November 1, 2003

A novel interventional method for treating femoral pseudoaneurysms: results from a monocentric experience

scientific article published on 01 June 2017

A prospective, randomized trial of continuous lateral rotation ("kinetic therapy") in patients with cardiogenic shock

scientific article

A randomized multicenter trial comparing the XIENCE everolimus eluting stent with the CYPHER sirolimus eluting stent in the treatment of female patients with de novo coronary artery lesions: The SPIRIT WOMEN study

scientific article published on 10 August 2017

A rare type of ventricular oversensing in ICD therapy--inappropriate ICD shock delivery due to triple counting

scientific article published on 10 October 2009

ACE inhibition lowers angiotensin II-induced chemokine expression by reduction of NF-kappaB activity and AT1 receptor expression

scientific article

Acute coronary syndrome and single coronary artery ostium

scientific article published on 01 January 2014

Acute dysphagia after myocardial infarction: an unusual complication of anticoagulation therapy.

scientific article

Aortic dissection albeit negative d-dimers and zero clinical probability - Another facet of medicine's deadly chameleon

scientific article published on 16 November 2016

Aortic stenosis: right and left ventricular function in the early postprocedural phase. Comparison between transcatheter and surgical aortic valve implantation.

scientific article

Apoptosis at a distance: remote activation of caspase-3 occurs early after myocardial infarction

scientific article published on 01 January 2006

Association of platelet activation markers with recurrence of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary vein isolation

scientific article published on 13 October 2016

Atheroprotective role of Caveolin-1 and eNOS in an innovative transplantation model is mainly mediated by local effects.

scientific article published on 30 November 2016

Atrial fibrillation is associated with high levels of monocyte-platelet-aggregates and increased CD11b expression in patients with aortic stenosis

scientific article published on 14 January 2016

Atrial natriuretic peptide enhances microvascular albumin permeability by the caveolae-mediated transcellular pathway

scientific article published on 24 October 2011

Beans in the pericardium

scientific article published on 01 August 2009

Broken heart syndrome: Tako Tsubo cardiomyopathy associated with an overdose of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Venlafaxine

scientific article

Cardiac Manifestation of Wilson's Disease

scientific article published on 01 December 2018

Cardioprotection by ischemic postconditioning is abrogated in hypertrophied myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats

scientific article published on January 2013

Cardioprotection by postconditioning is lost in WOKW rats with metabolic syndrome: role of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.

scientific article

Cardioverter-defibrillator does not improve short-term survival among patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

scientific article published on 24 June 2019

Caveolae and caveolin in transmembrane signaling: Implications for human disease.

scientific article

Caveolin-1 facilitates mechanosensitive protein kinase B (Akt) signaling in vitro and in vivo

scientific journal article

Cell-specific and hypoxia-dependent regulation of human HIF-3α: inhibition of the expression of HIF target genes in vascular cells.

scientific article published on 11 November 2010

Chelerythrine treatment influences the balance of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways in the remote myocardium after infarction

scientific article published on 2 December 2007

Chromogranin B in calpain-mediated hypertrophic signaling--the chicken, the egg, or even both...?

scientific article published on 01 October 2011

Chronic Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade Induces Cardioprotection During Ischemia by Increased PKC-ϵ Expression in the Mouse Heart

scientific article published on 01 January 2007

Chronic NOS inhibition prevents adverse lung remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension in caveolin-1 knockout mice

scientific article published on 08 December 2007

Chronic diarrhea as the initial clinical manifestation of light-chain amyloidosis with cardiac involvement despite negative duodenal and rectal biopsies

scientific article published in January 2013

Comparative morphometric and immunohistological assessment of the development of restenosis after arterial injury and a cholesterol-rich diet in apolipoprotein E -/-mice and C57BL/6 control mice

scientific article published in September 2005

Comparison of diverse platelet activation markers as indicators for left atrial thrombus in atrial fibrillation

scientific article published on 13 March 2017

Comparison of external and intravascular cooling to induce hypothermia in patients after CPR.

scientific article published on 8 June 2006

Continuous mechanical chest compression during in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation of patients with pulseless electrical activity.

scientific article published on 3 December 2010

Corevalve prosthesis causes anterior mitral leaflet perforation resulting in severe mitral regurgitation and subsequent endocarditis.

scientific article published on 18 December 2013

Correlation of heart-type fatty acid–binding protein with mortality and echocardiographic data in patients with pulmonary embolism at intermediate risk

scientific article published on August 1, 2010

Cost-effectiveness of iodixanol in patients at high risk of contrast-induced nephropathy

scientific article

Culprit lesion location and outcome in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: a substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-trial

scientific article published on 4 July 2016

Decreased caveolin-1 in atheroma: loss of antiproliferative control of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis.

scientific article published in October 2005

Dexrazoxane prevents the development of the impaired cardiac phenotype in caveolin-1-disrupted mice.

scientific article published in June 2013

Differential phosphorylation-dependent regulation of constitutively active and muscarinic receptor-activated IK,ACh channels in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation

scientific article

Differential regulation of cardiac protein kinase C isozyme expression after aortic banding in rat.

scientific article published in October 2002

Disruption of caveolin-1 leads to enhanced nitrosative stress and severe systolic and diastolic heart failure

scientific journal article

Drug eluting balloons as stand alone procedure for coronary bifurcational lesions: results of the randomized multicenter PEPCAD-BIF trial

scientific article published on 14 January 2016

Dual mechanism of autoregulation of protein kinase C in myocardial ischemia

scientific article published on 22 August 2006

ELMSTREET (Esophageal Lesions during MitraClip uSing TRansEsophageal Echocardiography Trial).

scientific article published on 15 August 2017

Effects of the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone on coronary atherosclerotic plaque composition and plaque progression in non-diabetic patients: a double-center, randomized controlled VH-IVUS pilot-trial

scientific article published on 12 February 2014

Effects of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Agonist Pioglitazone on Peripheral Vessel Function and Clinical Parameters in Nondiabetic Patients: A Double-Center, Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

scientific article published on 06 May 2015

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Induced Hypertrophy and Vascular Dysfunction Contribute to the Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Caveolin-1-/- Mice

scientific article

Ephrin-A1/EphA4-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells.

scientific article published on 23 May 2013

EphrinB2/EphA4-mediated activation of endothelial cells increases monocyte adhesion

scientific article published on 6 November 2015

Evaluation of heart involvement in calpainopathy (LGMD2A) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance

scientific article

Experience With the Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients at High Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death

scientific article published on 25 July 2016

First bioprosthesis thrombosis after transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantation: diagnosis and treatment.

scientific article published on 19 March 2014

Fluorochrome-based definition of naturally occurring Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells of intra- and extrathymic origin

scientific article published on 23 September 2014

From bench to bedside: chromogranin B-a promising novel biomarker in heart failure

scientific article published on 16 September 2011

Functional, morphologic, and molecular characterization of cold storage injury.

scientific article published on 6 March 2012

Gender differences in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: a substudy of the IABP-SHOCK II-trial

scientific article published on 7 October 2014

Generation of mature murine monocytes from heterogeneous bone marrow and description of their properties

scientific article

Guillain-Barré syndrome and catecholamine therapy. A potential risk for developing takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

scientific article published on 22 November 2012

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein and myocardial creatine kinase enable rapid risk stratification in normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism.

scientific article published on 26 May 2016

How should I treat a partially released JenaValve™ in the ascending aorta, whose feelers cannot be positioned inside the corresponding aortic sinus?

scientific article published on 01 July 2015

Images in cardiovascular medicine. Aortic endocarditis caused by inadvertent left ventricular pacemaker lead placement

scientific article published in December 2005

Images in cardiovascular medicine. Cardiomyopathy resulting from primary hyperoxaluria type II

scientific article published on 01 January 2006

Images in clinical medicine. Impending rupture of the myocardial wall

scientific article published on 01 March 2003

Images in clinical medicine. Uni-, bi-, tri-, and quadricuspid aortic valves

scientific article published on 01 September 2006

Images in emergency medicine. Perforation of the right ventricle and lung parenchyma by a pacemaker lead

scientific article published in October 2007

Impact of Hey2 and COUP-TFII on genes involved in arteriovenous differentiation in primary human arterial and venous endothelial cells

scientific article published on 7 June 2013

Impedance cardiography as a noninvasive technique for atrioventricular interval optimization in cardiac resynchronization therapy

scientific article published in September 2005

In situ postconditioning with neuregulin-1β is mediated by a PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway.

scientific article published on 6 November 2014

Indocyanine green angiography: a new method to quantify collateral flow in mice.

scientific article

Influence of adenosine on ventricular function measurements as part of a comprehensive stress perfusion magnetic resonance imaging study

scientific article

Influence of caveolin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase on adventitial inflammation in aortic transplants

scientific article published on 02 December 2019

Influence of the trigger technique on ventricular function measurements using 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging: comparison of ECG versus pulse wave triggering.

scientific article published on 9 March 2011

Inhibition of anti-apoptotic signals by Wortmannin induces apoptosis in the remote myocardium after LAD ligation: evidence for a protein kinase C-δ-dependent pathway

scientific article published on 27 September 2012

Interatrial septal closure devices and aortic perforation: a note of caution

scientific article published on 01 February 2009

Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: Design and rationale of the Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP-SHOCK II) trial

Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: Design and rationale of the Intraaortic Balloon Pump in Cardiogenic Shock II (IABP-SHOCK II) trial

article by Holger Thiele et al published June 2012 in American Heart Journal

Intracoronary radiotherapy with a (188)rhenium liquid-filled PTCA balloon system in in-stent restenosis: acute and long-term angiographic results, as well as 1-year clinical follow-up

scientific article

Intracoronary radiotherapy with a 188Rhenium liquid-filled angioplasty balloon system in in-stent restenosis: a single-center, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind evaluation

scientific article published on 01 May 2006

Ischemic post-conditioning reduces infarct size of the in vivo rat heart: role of PI3-K, mTOR, GSK-3beta, and apoptosis

scientific article published on 7 January 2010

Ischemic preconditioning promotes a transient, but not sustained translocation of protein kinase C and sensitization of adenylyl cyclase

scientific article published in March 2003

Isolation and transduction of monocytes: promising vehicles for therapeutic arteriogenesis

scientific article published on 25 March 2006

Kinetic therapy reduces complications and shortens hospital stay in patients with cardiogenic shock - a retrospective analysis

scientific article published on 15 May 2006

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 promotes endothelial dysfunction in LDL receptor knockout background

scientific article

Letter by Heidrich et al regarding article, "A word of caution: risk of device erosion after percutaneous treatment of atrial septal defect in patients with dilated aortic root".

scientific article published in February 2015

Letter by Heidrich et al regarding article, "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and human left ventricular myocytes"

scientific article published on 01 May 2014

Letter by Ibrahim et al regarding article "Circulating endothelial progenitor cells do not contribute to plaque endothelium in murine atherosclerosis".

scientific article published in November 2010

Levosimendan is superior to enoximone in refractory cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction

scientific article published in August 2008

Local inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor reduces neointima formation after arterial injury in ApoE-/- mice

scientific article published on 2 February 2014

Long term survival after early unloading with Impella CP® in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

scientific article published on 20 November 2018

Mechanisms of Myocardial Remodeling: Ramiprilat Blocks the Expressional Upregulation of Protein Kinase C-ε in the Surviving Myocardium Early After Infarction

scientific article published on May 1, 2003

Mental symptoms in patients with cardiac symptoms and normal coronary arteries

scientific article

Meta-analysis of heart valve abnormalities in Parkinson's disease patients treated with dopamine agonists

scientific article published on 01 October 2007

MiR-134-mediated β1 integrin expression and function in mesenchymal stem cells

scientific article published on 15 October 2013

MicroRNA-23a mediates post-transcriptional regulation of CXCL12 in bone marrow stromal cells

scientific article

Monocyte-platelet aggregates and CD11b expression as markers for thrombogenicity in atrial fibrillation.

scientific article

Multicentre evaluation of a second generation point-of-care assay with an extended range for the determination of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide

scientific article published in January 2012

Myocardial perfusion 3-Tesla cardiac magnetic resonance vs. exercise electrocardiogram for diagnosics of coronary artery disease.

scientific article published on 2 February 2011

Nephrotoxic effects in high-risk patients undergoing angiography

scientific article

Nitric oxide synthases are crucially involved in the development of the severe cardiomyopathy of caveolin-1 knockout mice

scientific journal article

Nomograms for severity of aortic valve stenosis using peak aortic valve pressure gradient and left ventricular ejection fraction.

scientific article published on 20 January 2009

Non-compaction cardiomyopathy with low-gradient aortic valve stenosis

scientific article published on 05 January 2008

OxLDL and macrophage survival: essential and oxygen-independent involvement of the Hif-pathway

scientific article published on 05 May 2011

Percutaneous lead implantation connected to an external device in stimulation-dependent patients with systemic infection--a prospective and controlled study

scientific article published in August 2006

Percutaneous transjugular removal of an intracardial bone cement fragment after dorsal stabilization

scientific article published on 01 June 2014

Perforation of aortic root as secondary complication after implantation of patent foramen ovale occlusion device in a 31-year-old woman

scientific article

Persistent left superior vena cava draining into left atrium, unroofed coronary sinus, and coronary sinus atrial septal defect as rare cause for severe right heart dilatation: diagnostic steps and therapy

scientific article published on 26 December 2013

Pharmacological postconditioning by bolus injection of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors vardenafil and sildenafil

scientific article published on 27 March 2013

Phenotypic overlap between hematopoietic cells with suggested angioblastic potential and vascular endothelial cells

scientific article

Phenotypic overlap between monocytes and vascular endothelial cells.

scientific article published in January 2003

Postconditioning with levosimendan reduces the infarct size involving the PI3K pathway and KATP-channel activation but is independent of PDE-III inhibition

scientific article published on 16 October 2009

Pre-hospital discharge testing of defibrillator without anesthesia: effects on psychological symptoms during clinical follow-up

scientific article published on 24 August 2013

Prevalence and predictors of MRSA carriage among employees in a non-outbreak setting: a cross-sectional study in an acute care hospital

scientific article published on 12 March 2019

Primary aortic sarcoma with multiple metastatic sites

scientific article published on 11 January 2012

Prognosis in myocardial infarction of young patients: Results of a prospective registry

scientific article published on 18 November 2019

Prone positioning in the acute respiratory distress syndrome

scientific article published in September 2013

Protein kinase C in the human heart: differential regulation of the isoforms in aortic stenosis or dilated cardiomyopathy

scientific article published on 27 June 2007

Recording atrial monophasic action potentials using standard pacemaker leads: an alternative way to study electrophysiology properties of the human atrium in vivo?

scientific article published in December 2004

Reduction of atrial fibrillation burden by pulmonary vein isolation leads to a decrease of CD11b expression on inflammatory cells

scientific article published on 10 January 2017

Regulation of circulating chromogranin B levels in heart failure.

scientific article published on 3 November 2017

Regulation of endothelial migration and proliferation by ephrin-A1.

scientific article published on 11 October 2016

Regulation of protein kinase C isozyme and calcineurin expression in isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy

scientific article published in June 2003

Regulation of protein kinase C isozymes in volume overload cardiac hypertrophy

scientific article published on 01 July 2004

Regulation of the HIF-system in human macrophages--differential regulation of HIF-α subunits under sustained hypoxia

scientific article published on 29 October 2013

Regulation of the Hif-system by micro-RNA 17 and 20a - role during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation

scientific article published in August 2013

Regulation of the isozymes of protein kinase C in the surviving rat myocardium after myocardial infarction: distinct modulation for PKC-alpha and for PKC-delta

scientific article published on 01 May 2002

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Neither Improves Survival nor Reduces Myocardial or Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)

scientific article published on 07 January 2020

Remote preconditioning by infrarenal aortic occlusion is operative via delta1-opioid receptors and free radicals in vivo in the rat heart

scientific article

Remote preconditioning by infrarenal occlusion of the aorta protects the heart from infarction: a newly identified non-neuronal but PKC-dependent pathway

scientific article

Reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction

scientific article

Repetitive squatting exercise as a diagnostic predictor in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

scientific article published on 17 February 2018

Restrictive cardiomyopathy in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria type II

scientific article published on 17 February 2006

Results of angioplasty (with or without stent) at the site of a narrowed coronary anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery graft or via the internal mammary artery.

scientific article published in June 2004

Reversal of the platelet inhibitory effect of the P2Y12 inhibitors clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor in vitro: a new approach to an old issue.

scientific article published on 26 June 2017

Right ventricular dilatation predicts survival after mitral valve repair in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function

scientific article published on 26 September 2008

Right ventricular hypertrophy and apoptosis after pulmonary artery banding: regulation of PKC isozymes

scientific article published in September 2003

Routine upstream initiation vs deferred selective use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: the ACUITY Timing trial

scientific article published on February 2007

SPIRIT Women, evaluation of the safety and efficacy of the XIENCE V everolimus-eluting stent system in female patients: referral time for coronary intervention and 2-year clinical outcomes

scientific article published on July 2012

Severe progression of coronary heart disease in a patient with elevated lipoprotein (a) level in spite of optimal LDL-C decrease

scientific article published in October 2007

Single coronary artery with anomalous origin from the right sinus Valsalva

scientific article published on 16 January 2006

Soluble ST2 and myocardial fibrosis in 3T cardiac magnetic resonance.

scientific article published on 19 August 2015

Sox9 is increased in arterial plaque and stenosis, associated with synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells and causes alterations in extracellular matrix and calcification

scientific article published on 17 May 2018

Stimulation of adenosine A2b receptors blocks apoptosis in the non-infarcted myocardium even when administered after the onset of infarction

scientific article published on 20 March 2009

Stored red blood cells impair vascular function in vivo

scientific article published in January 2014

Survived sudden cardiac death in a young marathon runner: cardiac ischemic event attributed to an interarterial course of the right coronary artery

scientific article published on 01 August 2013

TNF-α-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells-The role of ephrinA1.

scientific article

Target temperature management of 33 degrees C exerts beneficial haemodynamic effects after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

scientific article

Tetanus toxoid-pulsed monocyte vaccination for augmentation of collateral vessel growth

scientific article

The CAIRP (CAndesartan for In-stent Restenosis Prevention) Trial--a multicenter study of AT1-receptor blocker therapy in coronary stenting

scientific article published in May 2008

The adverse cardiopulmonary phenotype of caveolin-1 deficient mice is mediated by a dysfunctional endothelium.

scientific article published on 8 March 2008

The calcium channel blocker felodipine attenuates the positive hemodynamic effects of the beta-blocker metoprolol in severe dilated cardiomyopathy--a prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study with invasive hemodynamic assess

scientific article published on 24 June 2008

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin shields the remote myocardium from apoptosis after experimental myocardial infarction in vivo

scientific article published on 23 August 2017

The expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1alpha (MIF 1alpha) in human atherosclerotic plaques is induced by different proatherogenic stimuli and associated with plaque instability.

scientific article

The infarction zone rather than the noninfarcted remodeling zone overexpresses angiotensin II receptor type 1 and is the main source of ventricular atrial natriuretic peptide

scientific article published on 24 October 2019

The iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin is upregulated in the ischemic and in the remote myocardium after myocardial infarction

scientific article published on 27 May 2010

The lysosomal transfer of LDL/cholesterol from macrophages into vascular smooth muscle cells induces their phenotypic alteration

scientific article published on 17 December 2012

The role of levosimendan in acute heart failure complicating acute coronary syndrome: A review and expert consensus opinion

scientific article

The role of the Eph/ephrin-system in atherosclerotic plaque development: a complex puzzle

scientific article published on 27 March 2014

Thinking beyond borders. Infective myocarditis on top of MELAS-cardiomyopathy first case description

scientific article published on 8 October 2015

Three-Dimensional Left Ventricular Torsion in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy - A Marker of Disease Severity.

scientific article

Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography is crucial for valid assessment of mitral valve leaflet morphology in severe mitral regurgitation prior to interventional repair.

scientific article published on 5 October 2017

Time-resolved magnetic resonance imaging of contrast kinetics to identify severe tricuspid valve regurgitation

scientific article published in June 2013

Transapical septal occluder for paravalvular leakage of the mitral valve: a novel method for interventional treatment in high-risk patients.

scientific article

Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with cerebral ischemia

scientific article published in June 2002

Transcriptional activation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gene expression by oestrogen receptor-alpha.

scientific article

Transcriptional regulation of Pim-1 kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells and its role for proliferation

scientific article published on 27 August 2009

Transient global amnesia and broken heart syndrome: two faces of one pathology

scientific article published on 31 March 2015

Transplantation of bone marrow derived monocytes: a novel approach for augmentation of arteriogenesis in a murine model of femoral artery ligation

scientific article

Transregulation of the alpha2-adrenergic signal transduction pathway by chronic beta-blockade: a novel mechanism for decreased platelet aggregation in patients

scientific article

Twiddler's syndrome in an adolescent patient with ICD during neurological and physical rehabilitation

scientific article published on 24 November 2008

Uncoupled eNOS annihilates neuregulin-1β-induced cardioprotection: a novel mechanism in pharmacological postconditioning in myocardial infarction

scientific article published on 12 October 2012

Use of oral endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension

scientific article

Usefulness of Iron Deficiency Correction in Management of Patients With Heart Failure [from the Registry Analysis of Iron Deficiency-Heart Failure (RAID-HF) Registry].

scientific article published on 15 September 2016

Valvular heart disease in Parkinson's disease patients treated with dopamine agonists: a reader-blinded monocenter echocardiography study

scientific article published on 01 January 2007

[Position document on quality assurance in invasive cardiology. Are minimum numbers in percutaneous coronary angioplasty evidence based?]

scientific article published on 01 October 2004

[Which kinds of distress do partners or spouses of cardiac arrhythmias patients exhibit?]

scientific article published on 01 January 2006