Observing gravitational-wave transient GW150914 with minimal assumptions

journal article from 'Physical Review D' published in 2016

Author/s

author: Kip S. Thorne, Maria Haney, Gang Wang, Sebastian Khan, Timo Denker, Daniel Williams, Prayush Kumar, Vincent Dolique, Minchuan Zhou, Lorenzo Aiello, Thomas Callister, Francesco Pannarale, Alberto Gatto, Luca Naticchioni, Márton Tápai, Giulia Stratta, Dipongkar Talukder, Chandra Kant Mishra, Fiodor Sorrentino, Diego Bersanetti, Barbara Patricelli, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Livia Conti, Claudia Lazzaro, Alexander Khalaidovski, Borja Sorazu, Valerio Boschi, Zhihui Du, Riccardo Bassiri, Maria Principe, Massimo Granata, Karl Wette, Bruce Gendre, Koji Arai, Paolo Addesso, Marco Drago, David B. Tanner, Alexander Harvey Nitz, John Veitch, Jamie Scott, Bruce Allen, Duncan A. Brown, John Zweizig, Michel Boër, Gabriele Vajente, Francesco Piergiovanni, Helios Vocca, Daniel Sigg, Matteo Lorenzini, László Árpád Gergely, Benjamin F. Farr, Matthew D. Pitkin, Stephen Fairhurst, Andrea Chincarini, Piotr Jaranowski, Elisabetta Cesarini, Jan Harms, Chunnong Zhao, Graham Woan, Alessio Rocchi, Roberto Passaquieti, Philip Charlton, Haixing Miao, Stefan Hild, Francesco Fidecaro, Vincenzo Pierro, Stefano Ascenzi, Matteo Leonardi, Giles D. Hammond, Viswanath Bavigadda, Francesco Salemi, Patricia Schmidt, Sebastian Steinlechner, Andrew Wade, Linqing Wen, Neil Gehrels, Tomasz Bulik, Johannes Eichholz, Chris J. Messenger, Vivien Raymond, Alessandro Bertolini, Gregory Ashton, Paul A. Altin, Giovanni Cerretani, Giovanni Losurdo, Eugenio Coccia, Piero Rapagnani, Douglas Cook, Alberto Vecchio, Soma Mukherjee, François Bondu, Enrico Calloni, Leopoldo Milano, Ettore Majorana, Giacomo Ciani, Karsten Danzmann, Evan Goetz, Fabrice Matichard, Rainer Weiss, Michel Davier, Mauro Tonelli, David E. McClelland, Robert Taylor, Vasiliki Kalogera, Pablo Laguna, Gabriela González, Orion Eli Sauter, Roman Schnabel, Nergis Mavalvala, Richard K. Mittleman, Dennis Ugolini, Peter Fritschel, Volker Quetschke, Andrew Melatos, Archisman Ghosh, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Sinead Walsh, Todd Adams, Sukanta Bose, Gergely Debreczeni, Éric Chassande-Mottin, Massimiliano Razzano, Odylio D. Aguiar, Carl D. Blair, Aidan Brooks, Juan Calderon Bustillo, Kipp Cannon, Collin Capano, Alessandra Corsi, Cesar Costa, Stefan Danilishin, Gareth S Davies, Walter Del Pozzo, Luciano Di Fiore, Isidoro Ferrante, Paul J. Groot, Gianluca Guidi, Gregory M. Harry, Eric Howell, Eliu A. Huerta, Dale R. Ingram, David Keitel, Izabela Kowalska, Paul Lasky, Andrew Lundgren, Valentina Mangano, Denis V. Martynov, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Jonathan Miller, Conor M Mow-Lowry, Gijs Nelemans, Eric Oelker, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Federico Paoletti, Rosa Poggiani, Ryan Quitzow-James, Rocco Romano, Bram Slagmolen, Nicolas Straniero, Amber L. Stuver, Bas L. Swinkels, Eric Thrane, Kirill V. Tokmakov, Joris van Heijningen, Alan J. Weinstein, John T. Whelan, Bernard F Whiting, Benno Willke, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Laura Kate Nuttall, Sophie Hollitt, Ryan Lynch, Eric A. Quintero, Fulvio P. Ricci, Gabriele Vedovato, Flavio Vetrano, Michael Zevin, Lorenzo Cerboni Baiardi, Antoine Heidmann, Ross Birney, Christophe Collette, Anna Green, David J. Murphy, Ornella Juliana Piccinni, Flavio Travasso, Francisco Jiménez-Forteza, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, Nam-Gyu Kim, Mariela Masso-Reid, David Mendoza-Gandara, Arunava Mukherjee, Benjamin P. Abbott, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Samaya Nissanke, Karl Aaron Gill, James E. Brau, Chloe Gray, Russell Jones, Peter Shawhan, Robert L. Stone, Richard J. McCarthy, Sang Hoon Oh, Sergey Klimenko, Muhammed Saleem, David J. Hofman, Laura Cadonati, Thomas D. Abbott, Bernd Machenschalk, Antonio Pasqualetti, Jerome Degallaix, Federico Ferrini, Fausto Acernese, Kendall Ackley, Carl Adams, Christopf Affeldt, Michalis Agathos, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Nancy Aggarwal, Anirban Ain, Parameswaran Ajith, Annalisa Allocca, Nicolas Arnaud, Melanie Ast, Pia Astone, Peter Aufmuth, Carsten Aulbert, Stanislav V. Babak, Philippe Bacon, Francesca Baldaccini, Giulio Ballardin, David Barker, Fabrizio Barone, Bryan Barr, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Dániel Barta, Jeffrey Bartlett, Imre Bartos, Andrea Basti, Christoph Baune, Marco Bazzan, Berit Behnke, Michał Bejger, Justin Bergman, Gerald Bergmann, Joseph Charles Betzwieser, Swetha Bhagwat, Rohan Bhandare, GariLynn Billingsley, Jeremy Birch, Sebastien Biscans, Aparna Bisht, Massimiliano Bitossi, Christopher Biwer, Steven Bloemen, Oliver Bock, Gilles Bogaert, Christina Bogan, Alejandro Bohé, Péter Bojtos, Charlotte Bond, Romain Bonnand, Rolf Bork, Yann Bouffanais, Antonella Bozzi, Carlo Bradaschia, Marica Branchesi, Tristan Briant, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Violette Brisson, Patrick Brockill, Aaron Buikema, Alessandra Buonanno, Damir Buskulic, Christelle Buy, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Craig Cahillane, Junwei Cao, Eleonora Capocasa, Franco Carbognani, Santiago Caride, Julia Casanueva Diaz, Claudio Casentini, Sarah Elizabeth Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Rijuparna Chakraborty, Tara Chalermsongsak, Manleong Chan, Shiuh Chao, Yan-Bei Chen, Chun Cheng, Antonino Chiummo, Min-a Cho, Nelson Lloyd Christensen, Qi Chu, Sheon S. Y. Chua, Shinkee Chung, Filiberto Clara, Frédéric Cleva, Pierre-François Cohadon, Alberto Colla, Lynn R. Cominsky, Marcio Constâncio Jr., Andrea Conte, Neil J. Cornish, Stefano Cortese, Jean-Pierre Coulon, Peter Couvares, Robert Coyne, Kieran Craig, Jonathan Cripe, Andrew Cumming, Liam Cunningham, Elena Cuoco, Tito Dal Canton, Sabrina D'Antonio, Vincenzo Dattilo, Ishant Dave, Richard Day, Daniel DeBra, Samuel Deléglise, Thomas Dent, Hüsne Dereli-Bégué, Vladimir Dergachev, Rosario De Rosa, Riccardo DeSalvo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Matteo Di Giovanni, Alberto Di Lieto, Sibilla Di Pace, Irene Di Palma, Angela DiVirgilio, Goran Dojcinoski, Fred Donovan, Suresh Doravari, Rebecca Douglas, Marine Ducrot, Anamaria Effler, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Phil Ehrens, William Engels, Todd Etzel, Ryan Everett, Maxim Factourovich, Viviana Fafone, Hannah Fair, Xilong Fan, Qi Fang, Stefania Farinon, Marc Favata, Maxime Fays, Henning Fehrmann, Irene Fiori, Donatella Fiorucci, Raffaele Flaminio, Mark Fletcher, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Samuel Franco, Franco Frasconi, Zsolt Frei, Andreas Freise, Raymond E. Frey, Valentin Frey, Paul J. Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Luca Gammaitoni, Fabio Garufi, Gurudatt Gaur, Gianluca Gemme, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Jogy George, Vincent Germain, Shaon Ghosh, Adalberto Giazotto, Andreas Glaefke, Ryan Goetz, László Gondán, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Matthieu Gosselin, Romain Gouaty, Christian Graef, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Giuseppe Greco, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Xiangyu Guo, Anuradha Gupta, Richard Gustafson, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Joe Hanson, Terra Hardwick, Carl-Johan Haster, Karen Haughian, James Healy, Henrich Heitmann, Patrice Hello, Gary Hemming, Martin A. Hendry, Jan-Simon Hennig, Michèle Heurs, Ian Hinder, Daniel Hoak, Kathy Holt, Paul Hopkins, James Hough, Shu-Yu Huang, Dominique Huet, Brennan Hughey, Sascha Husa, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Ashikuzzaman Idrisy, Nathaniel Indik, Ra Inta, Jean-Michel Isac, Maximiliano Isi, Gabriel Islas, Tomoki Isogai, Kiwamu Izumi, Thibaut Jacqmin, Haengjin Jang, Karan Jani, Sharat Jawahar, Li Ju, M. K. Haris, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Gung-Won Kang, Sudarshan Karki, Marie Kasprzack, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Steffen Kaufer, Tejinder Kaur, Keita Kawabe, Fumiko Kawazoe, Fabien Kéfélian, William Kells, Ross J. Kennedy, Imran Khan, Zaki A. Khan, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Chi-Woong Kim, Jeong-Cho Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Namjun Kim, Young-Min Kim, Matthew Christopher Kinsey, Lisa Kleybolte, Keiko Kokeyama, Soumen Koley, Veronica Kondrashov, Antonios Kontos, Mikhail Korobko, Volker Kringel, Andrzej Królak, Christoph Krueger, Gerrit Kuehn, Ling-Chi Kuo, Adam Kutynia, Michael R. Landry, Jacob Lange, Brian Thomas Lantz, Albert Lazzarini, Paola Leaci, Sean Leavey, Kyung-Ha Lee, Amber K. Lenon, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Yuri Levin, Adam Libson, Joshua Logue, Vincent Loriette, Marc Doug Lormand, Harald Lück, Jialun Luo, Yiqiu Ma, Timothy MacDonald, Myron MacInnis, Mohana Mageswaran, Ivan Maksimovic, Valeria Malvezzi, Catherine Nary Man, Vuk Mandic, Michael Manske, Maddalena Mantovani, Fabio Marchesoni, Frédérique Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Marka, Edward Maros, Filippo Martelli, Lionel Martellini, Kenneth R. Mason, Alain Masserot, Luca Matone, Nairwita Mazumder, Giulio Mazzolo, Scott McCormick, Gary McIntyre, Jess McIver, Duncan Meacher, Jeroen Meidam, Gregory Mendell, Edmond L. Merilh, Mourad Merzougui, Sydney Meshkov, Cody Messick, Federica Mezzani, Christophe Michel, Hannah Middleton, Margaret Millhouse, Yury Minenkov, Jing Ming, Saeed Mirshekari, Andrea Moggi, Martin Mohan, Matteo Montani, Dan Moraru, Gerardo Moreno, Kasem Mossavi, Benoit Mours, Guido Mueller, Debnandini Mukherjee, Nikhil Mukund, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Antonis Mytidis, Ilaria Nardecchia, Valentin Necula, Kalina V. Nedkova, Martina Neri, Ansel Neunzert, Gavin Newton, Flavio Nocera, David Nolting, Jason Oberling, Evan Ochsner, Joseph O’Dell, Frank Ohme, Miquel Oliver, Patrick Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, Brian O'Reilly, Harry Overmier, Archana Pai, Oleg Palashov, Cristiano Palomba, Amrit Pal-Singh, Howard Pan, Christopher Paul Pankow, Andrea Paoli, Jessica Page, William Parker, Daniela Pascucci, Diego Passuello, Zachary Patrick, Michael Pedraza, Richard Pedurand, Larne Pekowsky, Arnaud Pele, Steven D. Penn, Antonio Perreca, Margot Hensler Hennig, Mikhael Pichot, Gabriel Pillant, Laurent Pinard, Pasquale Popolizio, Alexander Post, Jade Powell, Jayanti Prasad, Valeriu Predoi, Tanner Prestegard, Mirko Prijatelj, Stephen Privitera, Leonid G. Prokhorov, Oliver Puncken, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Michael Pürrer, Hong Qi, Jiayi Qin, Hugh Radkins, Peter Raffai, Sendhil Raja, Malik Rakhmanov, Virginia Re, Jocelyn Read, Tania Regimbau, Luca Rei, Stuart Reid, Hunter Rew, Keith Riles, Raymond Robie, Florent Robinet, Loïc Rolland, Gleb Romanov, Dorota Rosińska, Sheila Rowan, Albrecht Rüdiger, Paolo Ruggi, Kyle Ryan, Surabhi Sachdev, Travis Sadecki, Laleh Sadeghian, Livio Salconi, Anuradha Samajdar, Letizia Sammut, Vernon D. Sandberg, Benjamin Sandeen, Benoit Sassolas, Andreas Sawadsky, Paul Schale, Roland Schilling, Axel Schönbeck, Emil Schreiber, Dirk Schuette, Daniel Sellers, Daniel Sentenac, Valeria Sequino, Alexander Sergeev, Gabriela Serna, Yoshinta Setyawati, Aaron Sevigny, Sweta Shah, Miroslav Shaltev, Zhenhua Shao, Brett Noah Shapiro, Alec Sheperd, Karelle Siellez, Xavier Siemens, Dmitry Simakov, Abe Singer, Avneet Singh, Robinjeet Singh, Akshat Singhal, Tarun Souradeep, Alexa N. Staley, Michael Steinke, Jessica Steinlechner, Daniel Steinmeyer, Sergey E. Strigin, Riccardo Sturani, Ling Sun, Matteo Tacca, Andrea Taracchini, Thomas Theeg, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Vaibhav Tiwari, Clive Tomlinson, Daniel Töyrä, Gary Traylor, Daniele Trifirò, Lucia Trozzo, Maggie Tse, Margherita Turconi, Darkhan Tuyenbayev, Henning Vahlbruch, Guillermo Valdes, Niels van Bakel, Martin van Beuzekom, Chris Van Den Broeck, Laura van der Schaaf, Marco Vardaro, Steve Vass, Mátyás Vasúth, Ruslan Vaulin, Krishna Venkateswara, Didier Verkindt, Andrea Viceré, Serena Vinciguerra, Jean-Yves Vinet, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Vo, Cheryl Vorvick, Daniel Valentin Voss, Madeline Wade, Marissa Walker, Larry Wallace, Haoyu Wang, Mengyao Wang, Xiaoge Wang, Yan Wang, Jim Warner, Michal Was, Betsy Weaver, Li-Wei Wei, Michael Weinert, Timothy Welborn, Peter Weßels, Tobias Westphal, Walter Winkler, Holger Wittel, John Worden, Guimin Wu, Joshua Yablon, William Yam, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Hang Yu, Michel Yvert, Adam Zadrożny, Lisa Zangrando, Michele Zanolin, Jean-Pierre Zendri, Liyuan Zhang, Mi Zhang, Yuan-Hao Zhang, Zifan Zhou, Matthew R. Abernathy, Rana Adhikari, Vaishali Adya, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Melody C. Araya, Cody C. Arceneaux, Joseph S. Areeda, K. G. Arun, Stuart M. Aston, Maria Karolina Margit Bader, Paul T. Baker, Stefan W. Ballmer, Juan C. B. Barayoga, Sheena E. Barclay, Barry C. Barish, James C. Batch, Angus S. Bell, Christopher James Bell, Beverly Berger, Christopher P. L. Berry, Irina A. Bilenko, Marie-Anne Bizouard, J. Kent Blackburn, Ryan M. Blair, Timothy P. Bodiya, Boris A. Boom, Patrick R Brady, Vladimir Braginsky, Daniel David Brown, Nicolas M. Brown, Christopher C. Buchanan, Henk Jan Bulten, Robert L. Byer, Jordan B. Camp, Christian B. Cepeda, Sydney J. Chamberlin, Hsin-Yu Chen, Hee-Suk Cho, Jong H. Chow, James A. Clark, Thomas Randall Corbitt, Michael Coughlin, Scott Benjamin Coughlin, Stefan Trklja Countryman, Erika E. Cowan, David Martin Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Dennis Coyne, Sarah Gwynne Crowder, Nicole S. Darman, Hernan P. Daveloza, Edward Daw, Ryan Thomas DeRosa, Mario Claudio Díaz, Katherine L. Dooley, Thomas P. Downes, Ronald Drever, Jennifer C. Driggers, Sheila Elizabeth Dwyer, Tega Boro Edo, Stephen S Eikenberry, Reed Essick, Will M. Farr, Martin M. Fejer, Elvis C. Ferreira, Ryan Patrick Fisher, Tobin T. Fricke, Valery Victor Frolov, Hunter A. Gabbard, Jonathan R. Gair, Sharad G. Gaonkar, Joseph Anthony Giaime, K. Dwayne Giardina, Jose M. Gonzalez Castro, Neil A. Gordon, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Sarah E. Gossan, Philip B. Graff, Manojipr K. Gupta, Kaitlin E. Gushwa, Eric K. Gustafson, Joshua J. Hacker, Bernard R. Hall, Evan Hall, Manuela M. Hanke, Mark Douglas Hannam, Ian Harry, Martin J. Hart, Michael T. Hartman, Matthew Carl Heintze, Ik Siong Heng, Alastair W. Heptonstall, Kari Alison Hodge, Daniel E. Holz, David J. Hosken, Ewan A. Houston, Yi-Ming Hu, Sabina H. Huttner, Hafizah N. Isa, Bala R. Iyer, Warren Wilmer Johnson, David Ian Jones, Reinier J. G. Jonker, Chinmay Vasudev Kalaghatgi, Jonah B. Kanner, Marcel S. Kehl, David Bruce Kelley, Joey Shapiro Key, Farit Y. Khalili, Efim A. Khazanov, Eleanor Jean King, Peter J. King, David L. Kinzel, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Sina Maria Koehlenbeck, William Z. Korth, Dan B. Kozak, Benjamin D. Lackey, Eric O. Lebigot, Chang-Hwan Lee, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, Jonathan R. Leong, Bruce Martin Levine, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Tyson B. Littenberg, Nick A. Lockerbie, Alexander L. Lombardi, Jaysin E. Lord, James D. Lough, Duncan M. MacLeod, Ryan M. Magee, Georgia L. Mansell, Ashot S. Markosyan, Iain Martin, Rodica M. Martin, Jay N. Marx, Thomas J. Massinger, Stephen C. McGuire, David J. McManus, Sean T. McWilliams, Grant David Meadors, Robert A. Mercer, Patrick Meyers, Valeriy P. Mitrofanov, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Christopher J Moore, Sean R. Morriss, Chris L. Mueller, Alistair W. Muir, Peter G. Murray, Rajesh Kumble Nayak, Thanh T. Nguyen, Marc E. N. Normandin, Gregory H. Ogin, John J. Oh, David J. Ottaway, Richard S. Ottens, Benjamin J. Owen, Siddhesh Arun Pai, Jordan R. Palamos, Brijesh Chandra Pant, M. Alessandra Papa, Hugo R. Paris, Brynley L. Pearlstone, Sammanani S. Premachandra, Larry R. Price, Giovanni Andrea Prodi, Frederick J. Raab, David S. Rabeling, Cyrus M. Reed, David Reitze, Steven D. Reyes, Norna Anne Robertson, Jameson Graef Rollins, Vincent J. Roma, Janeen H. Romie, Eduardo Javier Sanchez, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, Peter R. Saulson, Richard L. Savage, Robert M. S. Schofield, Bernard F. Schutz, Susan Scott, Anand S. Sengupta, Daniel A. Shaddock, Mohamd Selim Shahriar, David H. Shoemaker, Deirdre M. Shoemaker, Allan D. Silva, Leo Singer, Alicia Magdalena Sintes, Rory J. E. Smith, Edwin J. Son, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Branson C. Stephens, Kenneth Strain, Nathaniel A. Strauss, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Patrick J. Sutton, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Sergey P. Tarabrin, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, E. Gareth Thomas, Keith Alan Thorne, Cristina V. Torres, Calum I. Torrie, Maria Concetta Tringali, C.S. Unnikrishnan, Alex L. Urban, Samantha A. Usman, Johannes van den Brand, Daniel Christopher Vander-Hyde, Anna-Maria A van Veggel, Peter J. Veitch, David J. Vine, Will D. Vousden, Sergey Vyatchanin, Leslie Wade, Robert L. Ward, Darren J. White, Roy D. Williams, Andrew R. Williamson, Joshua L. Willis, Maximilian H. Wimmer, Christopher C. Wipf, Jennifer L. Wright, Cregg C. Yancey, Min Jet Yap, Michael E Zucker, Sarah E. Zuraw, Blake C. Moore, Richard Abbott, Nicolas D. Smith, Fan Zhang, David Blair, Justus Schmidt, Matthew C. Edwards, Sergio Frasca, Sanjit Mitra, Alex B. Nielsen, Matthew Evans, Joshua R. Smith, Thomas M. Evans, Lindy Blackburn, Shourov K Chatterji, Ilya Mandel, Christian David Ott

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