Directly comparing GW150914 with numerical solutions of Einstein's equations for binary black hole coalescence

journal article from 'Physical Review D' published in 2016

Author/s

author: Kip S. Thorne, Zeno Tornasi, Simone Mastrogiovanni, Maria Haney, Gang Wang, Sebastian Khan, Minchuan Zhou, Lorenzo Aiello, Karl Toland, Francesco Pannarale, Márton Tápai, Dipongkar Talukder, Chandra Kant Mishra, Fiodor Sorrentino, Barbara Patricelli, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Livia Conti, Claudia Lazzaro, Diego Bersanetti, Riccardo Bassiri, Jamie Scott, Maria Principe, Massimo Granata, Karl Wette, Koji Arai, Paolo Addesso, Marco Drago, David B. Tanner, Alexander Harvey Nitz, John Veitch, Flavio Travasso, Duncan A. Brown, Francesco Fidecaro, John Zweizig, Michel Boër, Gabriele Vajente, Francesco Piergiovanni, Jan Harms, Matteo Lorenzini, László Árpád Gergely, Andrea Chincarini, Chunnong Zhao, Graham Woan, Alessio Rocchi, Roberto Passaquieti, Elisabetta Cesarini, Benjamin F. Farr, Stefan Hild, Matthew D. Pitkin, Philip Charlton, Haixing Miao, Piotr Jaranowski, Giovanni Losurdo, Eugenio Coccia, Piero Rapagnani, Elena Cuoco, Rosa Poggiani, Benno Willke, Massimiliano Razzano, François Bondu, Isidoro Ferrante, Fabio Garufi, Andrea Viceré, Gijs Nelemans, Abhirup Ghosh, Vincenzo Pierro, Stefano Ascenzi, Matteo Leonardi, Giles D. Hammond, Thomas Callister, Vincent Dolique, Viswanath Bavigadda, Patricia Schmidt, Francesco Salemi, Sebastian Steinlechner, Andrew Wade, Linqing Wen, Helios Vocca, Eric Thrane, Vivien Raymond, Neil Gehrels, Tomasz Bulik, Johannes Eichholz, Chris J. Messenger, Giulia Stratta, Alessandro Bertolini, Gregory Ashton, Paul A. Altin, Giovanni Cerretani, Douglas Cook, Gregory M. Harry, Vaishali Adya, Christopher P. L. Berry, Ross Birney, Carl D. Blair, Aidan Brooks, Juan Calderon Bustillo, Kipp Cannon, Collin Capano, Lorenzo Cerboni Baiardi, Jong H. Chow, Cesar Costa, Michael W. Coughlin, Gareth S Davies, Walter Del Pozzo, Anna Green, Eliu A. Huerta, David Ian Jones, Paul Lasky, Chang-Hwan Lee, Andrew Lundgren, Denis V. Martynov, Thomas J. Massinger, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Yi-Ming Hu, Christopher J Moore, Conor M Mow-Lowry, David J. Murphy, Benjamin J. Owen, M. Alessandra Papa, Ornella Juliana Piccinni, Eric A. Quintero, Mairi Sakellariadou, Bram Slagmolen, Borja Sorazu, Amber L. Stuver, Bas L. Swinkels, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Joris van Heijningen, Harald Pfeiffer, Alberto Vecchio, Soma Mukherjee, Enrico Calloni, Leopoldo Milano, Ettore Majorana, Benjamin P. Abbott, Giacomo Ciani, Karsten Danzmann, Evan Goetz, Fabrice Matichard, David E. McClelland, Laura Kate Nuttall, Daniel Sigg, Robert L. Ward, Rainer Weiss, Michel Davier, Saul A. Teukolsky, Susan Scott, Mauro Tonelli, Robert Taylor, Vasiliki Kalogera, Pablo Laguna, Gabriela González, Ronald Drever, Beverly Berger, Bernard F. Schutz, Roman Schnabel, Nergis Mavalvala, Peter Fritschel, Richard K. Mittleman, Dennis Ugolini, Volker Quetschke, Andrew Melatos, Thomas D. Abbott, Archisman Ghosh, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Sinead Walsh, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Todd Adams, Sukanta Bose, Gergely Debreczeni, Brian Klein, Éric Chassande-Mottin, Samaya Nissanke, Timo Denker, Edward J. Fauchon-Jones, Arunava Mukherjee, Karl Aaron Gill, James E. Brau, Manuela Campanelli, Chunglee Kim, Ryan Quitzow-James, Chloe Gray, Russell Jones, Peter Shawhan, Robert L. Stone, Richard J. McCarthy, David H. Shoemaker, Sang Hoon Oh, Alessandra Corsi, Sergey Klimenko, Muhammed Saleem, David J. Hofman, Laura Cadonati, Dennis Coyne, Rajesh Kumble Nayak, K. G. Arun, Bernd Machenschalk, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration, Jerome Degallaix, Antonio Pasqualetti, Federico Ferrini, Richard Abbott, Matthew R. Abernathy, Fausto Acernese, Kendall Ackley, Carl Adams, Rana Adhikari, Christopf Affeldt, Michalis Agathos, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Nancy Aggarwal, Odylio D. Aguiar, Anirban Ain, Parameswaran Ajith, Bruce Allen, Annalisa Allocca, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Melody C. Araya, Cody C. Arceneaux, Joseph S. Areeda, Nicolas Arnaud, Melanie Ast, Stuart M. Aston, Pia Astone, Peter Aufmuth, Carsten Aulbert, Stanislav V. Babak, Philippe Bacon, Maria Karolina Margit Bader, Paul T. Baker, Francesca Baldaccini, Giulio Ballardin, Stefan W. Ballmer, Juan C. B. Barayoga, Sheena E. Barclay, Barry C. Barish, David Barker, Fabrizio Barone, Bryan Barr, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Dániel Barta, Jeffrey Bartlett, Imre Bartos, Andrea Basti, James C. Batch, Christoph Baune, Marco Bazzan, Michał Bejger, Angus S. Bell, Gerald Bergmann, Joseph Charles Betzwieser, Swetha Bhagwat, Rohan Bhandare, Irina A. Bilenko, GariLynn Billingsley, Jeremy Birch, Sebastien Biscans, Aparna Bisht, Massimiliano Bitossi, Christopher Biwer, Marie-Anne Bizouard, J. Kent Blackburn, Steven Bloemen, Oliver Bock, Gilles Bogaert, Christina Bogan, Alejandro Bohé, Charlotte Bond, Romain Bonnand, Boris A. Boom, Rolf Bork, Valerio Boschi, Yann Bouffanais, Antonella Bozzi, Carlo Bradaschia, Patrick R Brady, Vladimir Braginsky, Marica Branchesi, Tristan Briant, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Violette Brisson, Patrick Brockill, Jacob E. Broida, Daniel David Brown, Nicolas M. Brown, Sharon Brunett, Christopher C. Buchanan, Aaron Buikema, Henk Jan Bulten, Alessandra Buonanno, Damir Buskulic, Christelle Buy, Robert L. Byer, Miriam Cabero, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Craig Cahillane, Jordan B. Camp, Junwei Cao, Eleonora Capocasa, Franco Carbognani, Santiago Caride, Julia Casanueva Diaz, Claudio Casentini, Sarah Elizabeth Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Christian B. Cepeda, Sydney J. Chamberlin, Manleong Chan, Shiuh Chao, Belinda D. Cheeseboro, Hsin-Yu Chen, Yan-Bei Chen, Chun Cheng, Antonino Chiummo, Hee-Suk Cho, Min-a Cho, Nelson Lloyd Christensen, Qi Chu, Sheon S. Y. Chua, Shinkee Chung, Filiberto Clara, James A. Clark, Frédéric Cleva, Pierre-François Cohadon, Alberto Colla, Christophe Collette, Lynn R. Cominsky, Marcio Constâncio Jr., Andrea Conte, Thomas Randall Corbitt, Neil J. Cornish, Stefano Cortese, Jean-Pierre Coulon, Stefan Trklja Countryman, Peter Couvares, Erika E. Cowan, David Martin Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Robert Coyne, Kieran Craig, Jonathan Cripe, Sarah Gwynne Crowder, Andrew Cumming, Liam Cunningham, Tito Dal Canton, Stefan Danilishin, Sabrina D'Antonio, Nicole S. Darman, Arnab Dasgupta, Vincenzo Dattilo, Ishant Dave, Edward Daw, Richard Day, Soumi De, Daniel DeBra, Samuel Deléglise, Thomas Dent, Vladimir Dergachev, Rosario De Rosa, Ryan Thomas DeRosa, Riccardo DeSalvo, Richard C. Devine, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Mario Claudio Díaz, Luciano Di Fiore, Matteo Di Giovanni, Tristano Di Girolamo, Alberto Di Lieto, Sibilla Di Pace, Irene Di Palma, Angela DiVirgilio, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Suresh Doravari, Rebecca Douglas, Thomas P. Downes, Jennifer C. Driggers, Marine Ducrot, Sheila Elizabeth Dwyer, Tega Boro Edo, Matthew C. Edwards, Anamaria Effler, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Phil Ehrens, Stephen S Eikenberry, William Engels, Reed Essick, Todd Etzel, Matthew Evans, Thomas M. Evans, Ryan Everett, Maxim Factourovich, Viviana Fafone, Hannah Fair, Xilong Fan, Qi Fang, Stefania Farinon, Will M. Farr, Marc Favata, Maxime Fays, Henning Fehrmann, Martin M. Fejer, Edit Fenyvesi, Elvis C. Ferreira, Irene Fiori, Donatella Fiorucci, Ryan Patrick Fisher, Raffaele Flaminio, Mark Fletcher, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Sergio Frasca, Franco Frasconi, Zsolt Frei, Andreas Freise, Raymond E. Frey, Valentin Frey, Valery Victor Frolov, Paul J. Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Hunter A. Gabbard, Jonathan R. Gair, Luca Gammaitoni, Sharad G. Gaonkar, Gurudatt Gaur, Gianluca Gemme, Peng Geng, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Jogy George, Vincent Germain, Shaon Ghosh, Joseph Anthony Giaime, K. Dwayne Giardina, Adalberto Giazotto, Andreas Glaefke, Ryan Goetz, László Gondán, Jose M. Gonzalez Castro, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Neil A. Gordon, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Sarah E. Gossan, Matthieu Gosselin, Romain Gouaty, Aniello Grado, Christian Graef, Philip B. Graff, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Giuseppe Greco, Paul J. Groot, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Gianluca Guidi, Xiangyu Guo, Anuradha Gupta, Manojipr K. Gupta, Kaitlin E. Gushwa, Eric K. Gustafson, Richard Gustafson, Joshua J. Hacker, Bernard R. Hall, Evan Hall, Manuela M. Hanke, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Joe Hanson, Terra Hardwick, Ian Harry, Martin J. Hart, Michael T. Hartman, Carl-Johan Haster, Karen Haughian, Antoine Heidmann, Matthew Carl Heintze, Henrich Heitmann, Patrice Hello, Gary Hemming, Martin A. Hendry, Ik Siong Heng, Jan-Simon Hennig, Jackson Henry, Alastair W. Heptonstall, Michèle Heurs, Daniel Hoak, Kathy Holt, Daniel E. Holz, Paul Hopkins, James Hough, Ewan A. Houston, Eric Howell, Shu-Yu Huang, Dominique Huet, Brennan Hughey, Sabina H. Huttner, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Nathaniel Indik, Dale R. Ingram, Ra Inta, Hafizah N. Isa, Jean-Michel Isac, Maximiliano Isi, Tomoki Isogai, Bala R. Iyer, Kiwamu Izumi, Thibaut Jacqmin, Haengjin Jang, Karan Jani, Sharat Jawahar, Jian Liu, Francisco Jiménez-Forteza, Warren Wilmer Johnson, Reinier J. G. Jonker, Li Ju, M. K. Haris, Chinmay Vasudev Kalaghatgi, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Gung-Won Kang, Jonah B. Kanner, Shasvath Jagat Kapadia, Sudarshan Karki, Kai S. Karvinen, Marie Kasprzack, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Steffen Kaufer, Tejinder Kaur, Keita Kawabe, Fabien Kéfélian, Marcel S. Kehl, David Keitel, David Bruce Kelley, William Kells, Ross J. Kennedy, Joey Shapiro Key, Farit Y. Khalili, Imran Khan, Zaki A. Khan, Efim A. Khazanov, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Chi-Woong Kim, Jeong-Cho Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Namjun Kim, Won Kim, Young-Min Kim, Seth J. Kimbrell, Eleanor Jean King, Peter J. King, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Lisa Kleybolte, Sina Maria Koehlenbeck, Soumen Koley, Veronica Kondrashov, Antonios Kontos, Mikhail Korobko, William Z. Korth, Izabela Kowalska, Dan B. Kozak, Volker Kringel, Andrzej Królak, Christoph Krueger, Gerrit Kuehn, Prayush Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Ling-Chi Kuo, Adam Kutynia, Benjamin D. Lackey, Michael R. Landry, Jacob Lange, Brian Thomas Lantz, Michael Laxen, Albert Lazzarini, Paola Leaci, Sean Leavey, Eric O. Lebigot, Amber K. Lenon, Jonathan R. Leong, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Yuri Levin, Jeffrey B. Lewis, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Adam Libson, Tyson B. Littenberg, Nick A. Lockerbie, Alexander L. Lombardi, Jaysin E. Lord, Vincent Loriette, Marc Doug Lormand, James D. Lough, Harald Lück, Ryan Lynch, Yiqiu Ma, Myron MacInnis, Duncan M. MacLeod, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, Lorena Magaña Zertuche, Ryan M. Magee, Ivan Maksimovic, Valeria Malvezzi, Catherine Nary Man, Vuk Mandic, Valentina Mangano, Georgia L. Mansell, Michael Manske, Maddalena Mantovani, Fabio Marchesoni, Frédérique Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Marka, Ashot S. Markosyan, Edward Maros, Filippo Martelli, Lionel Martellini, Iain Martin, Jay N. Marx, Kenneth R. Mason, Alain Masserot, Mariela Masso-Reid, Luca Matone, Nairwita Mazumder, Scott McCormick, Stephen C. McGuire, Gary McIntyre, Jess McIver, David J. McManus, Terry McRae, Sean T. McWilliams, Duncan Meacher, Grant David Meadors, Jeroen Meidam, Gregory Mendell, Robert A. Mercer, Edmond L. Merilh, Mourad Merzougui, Sydney Meshkov, Cody Messick, Remi Metzdorff, Patrick Meyers, Federica Mezzani, Christophe Michel, Hannah Middleton, Andrew L. Miller, Avery Miller, Brandon B. Miller, John Miller, Margaret Millhouse, Yury Minenkov, Saeed Mirshekari, Sanjit Mitra, Valeriy P. Mitrofanov, Andrea Moggi, Martin Mohan, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Matteo Montani, Dan Moraru, Gerardo Moreno, Sean R. Morriss, Kasem Mossavi, Benoit Mours, Guido Mueller, Alistair W. Muir, Debnandini Mukherjee, Nikhil Mukund, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Peter G. Murray, Antonis Mytidis, Ilaria Nardecchia, Luca Naticchioni, Kalina V. Nedkova, Timothy J. N. Nelson, Martina Neri, Ansel Neunzert, Gavin Newton, Thanh T. Nguyen, Alex B. Nielsen, Flavio Nocera, David Nolting, Marc E. N. Normandin, Jason Oberling, Evan Ochsner, Joseph O’Dell, Eric Oelker, Gregory H. Ogin, John J. Oh, Frank Ohme, Miquel Oliver, Patrick Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, Brian O'Reilly, Richard O'Shaughnessy, David J. Ottaway, Harry Overmier, Archana Pai, Siddhesh Arun Pai, Jordan R. Palamos, Oleg Palashov, Cristiano Palomba, Amrit Pal-Singh, Howard Pan, Christopher Paul Pankow, Brijesh Chandra Pant, Federico Paoletti, Andrea Paoli, Hugo R. Paris, William Parker, Daniela Pascucci, Diego Passuello, Zachary Patrick, Brynley L. Pearlstone, Michael Pedraza, Richard Pedurand, Larne Pekowsky, Arnaud Pele, Steven D. Penn, Antonio Perreca, Leah M. Perri, Margot Hensler Hennig, Mikhael Pichot, Gabriel Pillant, Laurent Pinard, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Mark Poe, Pasquale Popolizio, Alexander Post, Jade Powell, Jayanti Prasad, Valeriu Predoi, Tanner Prestegard, Larry R. Price, Mirko Prijatelj, Stephen Privitera, Giovanni Andrea Prodi, Leonid G. Prokhorov, Oliver Puncken, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Michael Pürrer, Hong Qi, Jiayi Qin, Shi Qiu, Frederick J. Raab, David S. Rabeling, Hugh Radkins, Peter Raffai, Sendhil Raja, C. Rajan, Malik Rakhmanov, Virginia Re, Jocelyn Read, Cyrus M. Reed, Tania Regimbau, Luca Rei, Stuart Reid, David Reitze, Hunter Rew, Steven D. Reyes, Fulvio P. Ricci, Keith Riles, Monica Rizzo, Norna Anne Robertson, Raymond Robie, Florent Robinet, Loïc Rolland, Jameson Graef Rollins, Vincent J. Roma, Joseph D. Romano, Rocco Romano, Gleb Romanov, Janeen H. Romie, Dorota Rosińska, Sheila Rowan, Albrecht Rüdiger, Paolo Ruggi, Kyle Ryan, Surabhi Sachdev, Travis Sadecki, Laleh Sadeghian, Livio Salconi, Anuradha Samajdar, Letizia Sammut, Eduardo Javier Sanchez, Vernon D. Sandberg, Benjamin Sandeen, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Benoit Sassolas, Peter R. Saulson, Orion E. S. Sauter, Richard L. Savage, Andreas Sawadsky, Paul Schale, Roland Schilling, Justus Schmidt, Robert M. S. Schofield, Axel Schönbeck, Emil Schreiber, Dirk Schuette, Daniel Sellers, Anand S. Sengupta, Daniel Sentenac, Valeria Sequino, Alexander Sergeev, Yoshinta Setyawati, Daniel A. Shaddock, Thomas J. Shaffer, Mohamd Selim Shahriar, Miroslav Shaltev, Brett Noah Shapiro, Alec Sheperd, Karelle Siellez, Xavier Siemens, Magdalena Sieniawska, Allan D. Silva, Abe Singer, Leo Singer, Avneet Singh, Robinjeet Singh, Akshat Singhal, Alicia Magdalena Sintes, Nicolas D. Smith, Rory J. E. Smith, Edwin J. Son, Tarun Souradeep, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Alexa N. Staley, Michael Steinke, Jessica Steinlechner, Daniel Steinmeyer, Branson C. Stephens, Kenneth Strain, Nicolas Straniero, Nathaniel A. Strauss, Sergey E. Strigin, Riccardo Sturani, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Ling Sun, Sunil Susmithan, Patrick J. Sutton, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Matteo Tacca, Sergey P. Tarabrin, Andrea Taracchini, Thomas Theeg, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, E. Gareth Thomas, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Keith Alan Thorne, Kirill V. Tokmakov, Clive Tomlinson, Cristina V. Torres, Calum I. Torrie, Daniel Töyrä, Gary Traylor, Daniele Trifirò, Maria Concetta Tringali, Lucia Trozzo, Maggie Tse, Margherita Turconi, Darkhan Tuyenbayev, C.S. Unnikrishnan, Alex L. Urban, Samantha A. Usman, Henning Vahlbruch, Guillermo Valdes, Daniel Christopher Vander-Hyde, Marco Vardaro, Steve Vass, Mátyás Vasúth, Ruslan Vaulin, Gabriele Vedovato, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Didier Verkindt, Flavio Vetrano, Serena Vinciguerra, David J. Vine, Jean-Yves Vinet, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Vo, Cheryl Vorvick, Daniel Valentin Voss, Will D. Vousden, Sergey Vyatchanin, Leslie Wade, Madeline Wade, Marissa Walker, Larry Wallace, Haoyu Wang, Mengyao Wang, Xiaoge Wang, Yan Wang, Jim Warner, Michal Was, Betsy Weaver, Li-Wei Wei, Michael Weinert, Alan J. Weinstein, Peter Weßels, Tobias Westphal, John T. Whelan, Bernard F Whiting, Roy D. Williams, Andrew R. Williamson, Joshua L. Willis, Maximilian H. Wimmer, Walter Winkler, Christopher C. Wipf, Holger Wittel, Janis Woehler, John Worden, Jennifer L. Wright, David S. Wu, Guimin Wu, Joshua Yablon, William Yam, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Cregg C. Yancey, Hang Yu, Michel Yvert, Adam Zadrożny, Lisa Zangrando, Michele Zanolin, Jean-Pierre Zendri, Michael Zevin, Liyuan Zhang, Mi Zhang, Yuan-Hao Zhang, Zifan Zhou, Michael E Zucker, Sarah E. Zuraw, Heather Kin Yee Fong, James Healy, Ian Hinder, Sascha Husa, Lionel Terrell London, Carlos Lousto, Geoffrey Lovelace, Serguei Ossokine, Mark A. Scheel, Deirdre M. Shoemaker, Alex Vano-Vinuales, Yosef Zlochower, David Blair, Ryan M. Blair, Scott Benjamin Coughlin, Carlos Filipe Da Silva Costa, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, Kyung-Ha Lee, Jing Ming, Blake C. Moore, Vaibhav Tiwari, Niels van Bakel, Martin van Beuzekom, Johannes van den Brand, Chris Van Den Broeck, Laura van der Schaaf, Joshua R. Smith, Michael Boyle, Lawrence E. Kidder, Matthew Christopher Kinsey, Béla Szilágyi

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