Calibration of the Advanced LIGO detectors for the discovery of the binary black-hole merger GW150914

journal article from 'Physical Review D' published in 2017

Author/s

author: Kip S. Thorne, Maria Haney, Sebastian Khan, Timo Denker, Prayush Kumar, Minchuan Zhou, Francesco Pannarale, Márton Tápai, Chandra Kant Mishra, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Alexander Khalaidovski, Riccardo Bassiri, Jamie Scott, Maria Principe, Karl Wette, Koji Arai, Paolo Addesso, Marco Drago, David B. Tanner, Alexander Harvey Nitz, John Veitch, Bruce Allen, Duncan A. Brown, Gabriele Vajente, László Árpád Gergely, Stephen Fairhurst, Chunnong Zhao, Graham Woan, Benjamin F. Farr, Stefan Hild, Matthew D. Pitkin, Philip Charlton, Haixing Miao, Benno Willke, Raymond E. Frey, Vincenzo Pierro, Giles D. Hammond, Thomas Callister, Francesco Salemi, Linqing Wen, Patricia Schmidt, Sebastian Steinlechner, Andrew Wade, Eric Thrane, Vivien Raymond, Li Ju, David Blair, Neil Gehrels, Johannes Eichholz, Chris J. Messenger, Bryan Barr, Andreas Freise, Paul A. Altin, Gregory M. Harry, Claudia Lazzaro, Borja Sorazu, Shiuh Chao, Alberto Vecchio, Soma Mukherjee, Benjamin P. Abbott, Giacomo Ciani, Karsten Danzmann, Evan Goetz, Fabrice Matichard, David E. McClelland, Laura Kate Nuttall, Daniel Sigg, Robert L. Ward, Rainer Weiss, Susan Scott, Robert Taylor, Vasiliki Kalogera, Gabriela González, Orion Eli Sauter, Ronald Drever, Beverly Berger, Bernard F. Schutz, Roman Schnabel, Nergis Mavalvala, Volker Quetschke, Peter Fritschel, Dennis Ugolini, Richard K. Mittleman, Andrew Melatos, Thomas D. Abbott, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Sinead Walsh, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Sukanta Bose, Madeline Wade, Jiayi Qin, Michael Pürrer, Margot Hensler Hennig, Hannah Middleton, Mikhail Korobko, Nelson Lloyd Christensen, Joshua L. Willis, Valentina Mangano, Kendall Ackley, Jessica Steinlechner, Hong Qi, Gung-Won Kang, Leonid G. Prokhorov, Jade Powell, Thomas Dent, Ling Sun, Sascha Husa, Christopher J Moore, Arunava Mukherjee, Karl Aaron Gill, James E. Brau, Ryan Quitzow-James, Chloe Gray, Russell Jones, Peter Shawhan, Robert L. Stone, Richard J. McCarthy, David H. Shoemaker, Sang Hoon Oh, Alessandra Corsi, Sergey Klimenko, Muhammed Saleem, David J. Murphy, Laura Cadonati, Rajesh Kumble Nayak, K. G. Arun, Bernd Machenschalk, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Richard Abbott, Matthew R. Abernathy, Carl Adams, Rana Adhikari, Vaishali Adya, Christopf Affeldt, Nancy Aggarwal, Odylio D. Aguiar, Anirban Ain, Parameswaran Ajith, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Melody C. Araya, Joseph S. Areeda, Gregory Ashton, Melanie Ast, Stuart M. Aston, Peter Aufmuth, Carsten Aulbert, Stanislav V. Babak, Paul T. Baker, Stefan W. Ballmer, Juan C. B. Barayoga, Sheena E. Barclay, Barry C. Barish, David Barker, Lisa Barsotti, Jeffrey Bartlett, Imre Bartos, James C. Batch, Christoph Baune, Angus S. Bell, Gerald Bergmann, Christopher P. L. Berry, Joseph Charles Betzwieser, Swetha Bhagwat, Rohan Bhandare, Irina A. Bilenko, GariLynn Billingsley, Jeremy Birch, Ross Birney, Sebastien Biscans, Aparna Bisht, Christopher Biwer, J. Kent Blackburn, Carl D. Blair, Ryan M. Blair, Oliver Bock, Alejandro Bohé, Rolf Bork, Patrick R Brady, Vladimir Braginsky, Marc Brinkmann, Patrick Brockill, Aidan Brooks, Daniel David Brown, Nicolas M. Brown, Christopher C. Buchanan, Aaron Buikema, Alessandra Buonanno, Robert L. Byer, Craig Cahillane, Juan Calderon Bustillo, Jordan B. Camp, Kipp Cannon, Junwei Cao, Collin Capano, Santiago Caride, Sarah Elizabeth Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Christian B. Cepeda, Sydney J. Chamberlin, Manleong Chan, Hsin-Yu Chen, Yan-Bei Chen, Hee-Suk Cho, Min-a Cho, Jong H. Chow, Qi Chu, Shinkee Chung, Filiberto Clara, James A. Clark, Christophe Collette, Lynn R. Cominsky, Marcio Constâncio Jr., Thomas Randall Corbitt, Neil J. Cornish, Cesar Costa, Michael Coughlin, Scott Benjamin Coughlin, Stefan Trklja Countryman, Peter Couvares, David Martin Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Dennis Coyne, Robert Coyne, Jonathan Cripe, Sarah Gwynne Crowder, Andrew Cumming, Liam Cunningham, Tito Dal Canton, Stefan Danilishin, Ishant Dave, Gareth S Davies, Edward Daw, Daniel DeBra, Walter Del Pozzo, Vladimir Dergachev, Ryan Thomas DeRosa, Riccardo DeSalvo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Mario Claudio Díaz, Irene Di Palma, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Suresh Doravari, Rebecca Douglas, Thomas P. Downes, Jennifer C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, Sheila Elizabeth Dwyer, Tega Boro Edo, Matthew C. Edwards, Anamaria Effler, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Phil Ehrens, Stephen S Eikenberry, Reed Essick, Todd Etzel, Matthew Evans, Thomas M. Evans, Ryan Everett, Maxim Factourovich, Hannah Fair, Xilong Fan, Will M. Farr, Marc Favata, Maxime Fays, Henning Fehrmann, Martin M. Fejer, Elvis C. Ferreira, Ryan Patrick Fisher, Mark Fletcher, Zsolt Frei, Valery Victor Frolov, Paul J. Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Jonathan R. Gair, Sharad G. Gaonkar, Gurudatt Gaur, Jogy George, Abhirup Ghosh, Joseph Anthony Giaime, K. Dwayne Giardina, Andreas Glaefke, Ryan Goetz, László Gondán, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Sarah E. Gossan, Christian Graef, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Anna Green, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Xiangyu Guo, Anuradha Gupta, Manojipr K. Gupta, Kaitlin E. Gushwa, Eric K. Gustafson, Richard Gustafson, Joshua J. Hacker, Bernard R. Hall, Evan Hall, Manuela M. Hanke, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Mark Douglas Hannam, Joe Hanson, Terra Hardwick, Ian Harry, Martin J. Hart, Michael T. Hartman, Carl-Johan Haster, Karen Haughian, Matthew Carl Heintze, Martin A. Hendry, Ik Siong Heng, Jan-Simon Hennig, Alastair W. Heptonstall, Michèle Heurs, Daniel Hoak, Kathy Holt, Daniel E. Holz, Paul Hopkins, James Hough, Ewan A. Houston, Eric Howell, Yi-Ming Hu, Eliu A. Huerta, Brennan Hughey, Sabina H. Huttner, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Nathaniel Indik, Dale R. Ingram, Ra Inta, Hafizah N. Isa, Maximiliano Isi, Tomoki Isogai, Bala R. Iyer, Kiwamu Izumi, Karan Jani, Sharat Jawahar, Francisco Jiménez-Forteza, Warren Wilmer Johnson, David Ian Jones, Chinmay Vasudev Kalaghatgi, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Jonah B. Kanner, Sudarshan Karki, Marie Kasprzack, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Steffen Kaufer, Tejinder Kaur, Keita Kawabe, David Keitel, David Bruce Kelley, Ross J. Kennedy, Joey Shapiro Key, Farit Y. Khalili, Zaki A. Khan, Efim A. Khazanov, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Jaewan Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Young-Min Kim, Eleanor Jean King, Peter J. King, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Lisa Kleybolte, Sina Maria Koehlenbeck, Keiko Kokeyama, Veronica Kondrashov, Antonios Kontos, William Z. Korth, Dan B. Kozak, Volker Kringel, Gerrit Kuehn, Ling-Chi Kuo, Benjamin D. Lackey, Michael R. Landry, Jacob Lange, Brian Thomas Lantz, Paul Lasky, Albert Lazzarini, Paola Leaci, Sean Leavey, Eric O. Lebigot, Chang-Hwan Lee, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, Kyung-Ha Lee, Amber K. Lenon, Jonathan R. Leong, Yuri Levin, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Adam Libson, Tyson B. Littenberg, Nick A. Lockerbie, Alexander L. Lombardi, Jaysin E. Lord, Marc Doug Lormand, James D. Lough, Harald Lück, Andrew Lundgren, Ryan Lynch, Yiqiu Ma, Myron MacInnis, Duncan M. MacLeod, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, Ryan M. Magee, Vuk Mandic, Georgia L. Mansell, Michael Manske, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Marka, Ashot S. Markosyan, Edward Maros, Iain Martin, Rodica M. Martin, Denis V. Martynov, Kenneth R. Mason, Thomas J. Massinger, Mariela Masso-Reid, Luca Matone, Nairwita Mazumder, Scott McCormick, Stephen C. McGuire, Gary McIntyre, Jess McIver, David J. McManus, Sean T. McWilliams, Grant David Meadors, Gregory Mendell, David Mendoza-Gandara, Robert A. Mercer, Edmond L. Merilh, Sydney Meshkov, Cody Messick, Patrick Meyers, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, John Miller, Margaret Millhouse, Jing Ming, Saeed Mirshekari, Sanjit Mitra, Valeriy P. Mitrofanov, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Blake C. Moore, Dan Moraru, Gerardo Moreno, Sean R. Morriss, Conor M Mow-Lowry, Guido Mueller, Alistair W. Muir, Debnandini Mukherjee, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Peter G. Murray, Antonis Mytidis, Ansel Neunzert, Gavin Newton, Thanh T. Nguyen, Alex B. Nielsen, David Nolting, Marc E. N. Normandin, Jason Oberling, Evan Ochsner, Joseph O’Dell, Eric Oelker, Gregory H. Ogin, John J. Oh, Frank Ohme, Miquel Oliver, Patrick Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, Brian O'Reilly, Richard O'Shaughnessy, David J. Ottaway, Harry Overmier, Benjamin J. Owen, Archana Pai, Siddhesh Arun Pai, Jordan R. Palamos, Oleg Palashov, Amrit Pal-Singh, Howard Pan, Christopher Paul Pankow, Brijesh Chandra Pant, M. Alessandra Papa, Hugo R. Paris, William Parker, Daniela Pascucci, Brynley L. Pearlstone, Michael Pedraza, Larne Pekowsky, Arnaud Pele, Steven D. Penn, Antonio Perreca, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Alexander Post, Jayanti Prasad, Valeriu Predoi, Tanner Prestegard, Stephen Privitera, Oliver Puncken, Eric A. Quintero, Frederick J. Raab, David S. Rabeling, Hugh Radkins, Peter Raffai, Sendhil Raja, Malik Rakhmanov, Jocelyn Read, Stuart Reid, David Reitze, Hunter Rew, Keith Riles, Norna Anne Robertson, Raymond Robie, Jameson Graef Rollins, Vincent J. Roma, Janeen H. Romie, Sheila Rowan, Albrecht Rüdiger, Kyle Ryan, Surabhi Sachdev, Travis Sadecki, Laleh Sadeghian, Anuradha Samajdar, Letizia Sammut, Eduardo Javier Sanchez, Vernon D. Sandberg, Benjamin Sandeen, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, Peter R. Saulson, Richard L. Savage, Andreas Sawadsky, Paul Schale, Justus Schmidt, Robert M. S. Schofield, Axel Schönbeck, Emil Schreiber, Dirk Schuette, Daniel Sellers, Alexander Sergeev, Daniel A. Shaddock, Mohamd Selim Shahriar, Brett Noah Shapiro, Alec Sheperd, Deirdre M. Shoemaker, Xavier Siemens, Allan D. Silva, Abe Singer, Leo Singer, Avneet Singh, Robinjeet Singh, Alicia Magdalena Sintes, Bram Slagmolen, Rory J. E. Smith, Edwin J. Son, Tarun Souradeep, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Alexa N. Staley, Michael Steinke, Daniel Steinmeyer, Branson C. Stephens, Kenneth Strain, Sergey E. Strigin, Riccardo Sturani, Amber L. Stuver, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Patrick J. Sutton, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Dipongkar Talukder, Andrea Taracchini, Thomas Theeg, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, E. Gareth Thomas, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Keith Alan Thorne, Vaibhav Tiwari, Kirill V. Tokmakov, Clive Tomlinson, Calum I. Torrie, Daniel Töyrä, Gary Traylor, Daniele Trifirò, Maggie Tse, Darkhan Tuyenbayev, C.S. Unnikrishnan, Alex L. Urban, Samantha A. Usman, Henning Vahlbruch, Guillermo Valdes, Daniel Christopher Vander-Hyde, Anna-Maria A van Veggel, Steve Vass, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Serena Vinciguerra, David J. Vine, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Vo, Cheryl Vorvick, Will D. Vousden, Sergey Vyatchanin, Leslie Wade, Marissa Walker, Larry Wallace, Haoyu Wang, Mengyao Wang, Yan Wang, Jim Warner, Betsy Weaver, Michael Weinert, Alan J. Weinstein, Peter Weßels, Tobias Westphal, John T. Whelan, Bernard F Whiting, Roy D. Williams, Andrew R. Williamson, Maximilian H. Wimmer, Walter Winkler, Christopher C. Wipf, Holger Wittel, John Worden, Jennifer L. Wright, Guimin Wu, William Yam, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Cregg C. Yancey, Min Jet Yap, Hang Yu, Michele Zanolin, Michael Zevin, Liyuan Zhang, Mi Zhang, Yuan-Hao Zhang, Zifan Zhou, Michael E Zucker, John Zweizig, Joshua R. Smith, Daniel V. Amariutei, Cody C. Arceneaux, Berit Behnke, Christopher James Bell, Justin Bergman, Timothy P. Bodiya, Christina Bogan, Péter Bojtos, Charlotte Bond, Rijuparna Chakraborty, Tara Chalermsongsak, Chun Cheng, Douglas Cook, Kieran Craig, Nicole S. Darman, Hernan P. Daveloza, Goran Dojcinoski, William Engels, Qi Fang, Tobin T. Fricke, Hunter A. Gabbard, Neil A. Gordon, Philip B. Graff, Kari Alison Hodge, Sophie Hollitt, David J. Hosken, Shu-Yu Huang, Ashikuzzaman Idrisy, Gabriel Islas, Haengjin Jang, M. K. Haris, Fumiko Kawazoe, Marcel S. Kehl, William Kells, Chi-Woong Kim, Nam-Gyu Kim, David L. Kinzel, Christoph Krueger, Bruce Martin Levine, Joshua Logue, Jialun Luo, Timothy MacDonald, Mohana Mageswaran, Ilya Mandel, Jay N. Marx, Giulio Mazzolo, Kasem Mossavi, Chris L. Mueller, Valentin Necula, Kalina V. Nedkova, Christian David Ott, Richard S. Ottens, Zachary Patrick, Sammanani S. Premachandra, Larry R. Price, Cyrus M. Reed, Gleb Romanov, Roland Schilling, Gabriela Serna, Aaron Sevigny, Miroslav Shaltev, Zhenhua Shao, Dmitry Simakov, Nicolas D. Smith, Nathaniel A. Strauss, Sergey P. Tarabrin, Cristina V. Torres, Ruslan Vaulin, Xiaoge Wang, Timothy Welborn, Darren J. White, Joshua Yablon, Fan Zhang, Sarah E. Zuraw, Namjun Kim

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