GW150914: Implications for the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Binary Black Holes

journal article from 'Physical Review Letters' published in 2016

Author/s

author: Anna Green, David B. Tanner, Paolo Addesso, Vaishali Adya, Odylio D. Aguiar, Odylio D. Aguiar, Lorenzo Aiello, Bruce Allen, Koji Arai, Stefano Ascenzi, Gregory Ashton, Bryan Barr, Viswanath Bavigadda, Christopher P. L. Berry, Diego Bersanetti, Ross Birney, Michel Boër, François Bondu, Valerio Boschi, Patrick R Brady, Aidan Brooks, Thomas Callister, Kipp Cannon, Collin Capano, Giovanni Cerretani, Elisabetta Cesarini, Philip Charlton, Andrea Chincarini, Jong H. Chow, Eugenio Coccia, Christophe Collette, Livia Conti, Cesar Costa, Elena Cuoco, Stefan Danilishin, Gareth S Davies, Martina De Laurentis, Walter Del Pozzo, Timo Denker, Luciano Di Fiore, Alberto Di Lieto, Angela DiVirgilio, Vincent Dolique, Marco Drago, Zhihui Du, Stephen Fairhurst, Isidoro Ferrante, Andreas Freise, Fabio Garufi, Alberto Gatto, Bruce Gendre, László Árpád Gergely, Massimo Granata, Paul J. Groot, Gianluca Guidi, Giles D. Hammond, Maria Haney, Jan Harms, Sophie Hollitt, Eric Howell, Yi-Ming Hu, Eliu A. Huerta, Sascha Husa, Piotr Jaranowski, Li Ju, Alexander Khalaidovski, Mikhail Korobko, Prayush Kumar, Paul Lasky, Claudia Lazzaro, Matteo Leonardi, Matteo Lorenzini, Giovanni Losurdo, Ettore Majorana, Valentina Mangano, Thomas J. Massinger, David E. McClelland, Chris J. Messenger, Haixing Miao, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Chandra Kant Mishra, Sanjit Mitra, Conor M Mow-Lowry, David J. Murphy, Luca Naticchioni, Gijs Nelemans, Alexander Harvey Nitz, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Benjamin J. Owen, Francesco Pannarale, M. Alessandra Papa, Roberto Passaquieti, Barbara Patricelli, Ornella Juliana Piccinni, Francesco Piergiovanni, Vincenzo Pierro, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Matthew D. Pitkin, Rosa Poggiani, Jade Powell, Maria Principe, Giovanni Andrea Prodi, Hong Qi, Eric A. Quintero, Piero Rapagnani, Massimiliano Razzano, Alessio Rocchi, Francesco Salemi, Daniel Sigg, Bram Slagmolen, Borja Sorazu, Fiodor Sorrentino, Kenneth Strain, Giulia Stratta, Amber L. Stuver, Bas L. Swinkels, Márton Tápai, Eric Thrane, Kirill V. Tokmakov, Flavio Travasso, Gabriele Vajente, Joris van Heijningen, Alberto Vecchio, Andrea Viceré, Helios Vocca, Robert L. Ward, Linqing Wen, Benno Willke, Graham Woan, Chunnong Zhao, Xing-Jiang Zhu, John Zweizig, Michel Davier, Mauro Tonelli, Robert Taylor, Vasiliki Kalogera, Gabriela González, Orion Eli Sauter, Ronald Drever, Beverly Berger, Bernard F. Schutz, Roman Schnabel, Nergis Mavalvala, Richard K. Mittleman, Dennis Ugolini, Peter Fritschel, Volker Quetschke, Andrew Melatos, Thomas D. Abbott, Benjamin P. Abbott, Archisman Ghosh, Ilya Mandel, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Sinead Walsh, Todd Adams, Sukanta Bose, Gergely Debreczeni, Éric Chassande-Mottin, Karsten Danzmann, Carl D. Blair, Juan Calderon Bustillo, Alessandra Corsi, Evan Goetz, Gregory M. Harry, Dale R. Ingram, David Keitel, Izabela Kowalska, Andrew Lundgren, Denis V. Martynov, Jonathan Miller, Eric Oelker, Federico Paoletti, Ryan Quitzow-James, Nicolas Straniero, Keith Alan Thorne, John Veitch, Alan J. Weinstein, John T. Whelan, Bernard F Whiting, Riccardo Bassiri, Alessandro Bertolini, Tomasz Bulik, Giacomo Ciani, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Francesco Fidecaro, Laura Kate Nuttall, Vivien Raymond, Jamie Scott, Dipongkar Talukder, Rainer Weiss, Karl Wette, Ryan Lynch, Paul A. Altin, Johannes Eichholz, Fabrice Matichard, Fulvio P. Ricci, Gabriele Vedovato, Flavio Vetrano, Michael Zevin, Lorenzo Cerboni Baiardi, Antoine Heidmann, Francisco Jiménez-Forteza, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, Nam-Gyu Kim, Mariela Masso-Reid, David Mendoza-Gandara, Arunava Mukherjee, LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration, Samaya Nissanke, Christopher J Moore, Blake C. Moore, Karl Aaron Gill, James E. Brau, Chloe Gray, Russell Jones, Peter Shawhan, Robert L. Stone, Richard J. McCarthy, David H. Shoemaker, Sang Hoon Oh, Sergey Klimenko, Muhammed Saleem, Gang Wang, Jiayi Qin, Minchuan Zhou, Sebastian Khan, Michael Pürrer, Kyung-Ha Lee, Michal Was, Margot Hensler Hennig, Hannah Middleton, Eleonora Capocasa, Kendall Ackley, Antonino Chiummo, Gung-Won Kang, Leonid G. Prokhorov, Laura Cadonati, Rajesh Kumble Nayak, K. G. Arun, Bernd Machenschalk, Antonio Pasqualetti, Jerome Degallaix, Federico Ferrini, Namjun Kim, Richard Abbott, Matthew R. Abernathy, Fausto Acernese, Carl Adams, Rana Adhikari, Christopf Affeldt, Michalis Agathos, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Nancy Aggarwal, Anirban Ain, Parameswaran Ajith, Annalisa Allocca, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Melody C. Araya, Cody C. Arceneaux, Joseph S. Areeda, Nicolas Arnaud, Melanie Ast, Stuart M. Aston, Pia Astone, Peter Aufmuth, Carsten Aulbert, Stanislav V. Babak, Philippe Bacon, Maria Karolina Margit Bader, Paul T. Baker, Francesca Baldaccini, Giulio Ballardin, Stefan W. Ballmer, Juan C. B. Barayoga, Sheena E. Barclay, Barry C. Barish, David Barker, Fabrizio Barone, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Dániel Barta, Jeffrey Bartlett, Imre Bartos, Andrea Basti, James C. Batch, Christoph Baune, Marco Bazzan, Berit Behnke, Michał Bejger, Angus S. Bell, Christopher James Bell, Justin Bergman, Gerald Bergmann, Joseph Charles Betzwieser, Swetha Bhagwat, Rohan Bhandare, Irina A. Bilenko, GariLynn Billingsley, Jeremy Birch, Sebastien Biscans, Aparna Bisht, Massimiliano Bitossi, Christopher Biwer, Marie-Anne Bizouard, J. Kent Blackburn, David Blair, Ryan M. Blair, Steven Bloemen, Oliver Bock, Timothy P. Bodiya, Gilles Bogaert, Christina Bogan, Alejandro Bohé, Péter Bojtos, Charlotte Bond, Romain Bonnand, Boris A. Boom, Rolf Bork, Yann Bouffanais, Antonella Bozzi, Carlo Bradaschia, Vladimir Braginsky, Marica Branchesi, Tristan Briant, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Violette Brisson, Patrick Brockill, Daniel David Brown, Nicolas M. Brown, Christopher C. Buchanan, Aaron Buikema, Henk Jan Bulten, Alessandra Buonanno, Damir Buskulic, Christelle Buy, Robert L. Byer, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Craig Cahillane, Enrico Calloni, Jordan B. Camp, Junwei Cao, Franco Carbognani, Santiago Caride, Julia Casanueva Diaz, Claudio Casentini, Sarah Elizabeth Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Christian B. Cepeda, Rijuparna Chakraborty, Tara Chalermsongsak, Sydney J. Chamberlin, Manleong Chan, Shiuh Chao, Hsin-Yu Chen, Yan-Bei Chen, Chun Cheng, Hee-Suk Cho, Min-a Cho, Nelson Lloyd Christensen, Qi Chu, Sheon S. Y. Chua, Shinkee Chung, Filiberto Clara, Frédéric Cleva, Pierre-François Cohadon, Alberto Colla, Lynn R. Cominsky, Marcio Constâncio Jr., Andrea Conte, Douglas Cook, Thomas Randall Corbitt, Neil J. Cornish, Stefano Cortese, Michael Coughlin, Scott Benjamin Coughlin, Jean-Pierre Coulon, Stefan Trklja Countryman, Peter Couvares, Erika E. Cowan, David Martin Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Dennis Coyne, Robert Coyne, Kieran Craig, Jonathan Cripe, Sarah Gwynne Crowder, Andrew Cumming, Liam Cunningham, Tito Dal Canton, Sabrina D'Antonio, Nicole S. Darman, Vincenzo Dattilo, Ishant Dave, Hernan P. Daveloza, Edward Daw, Richard Day, Daniel DeBra, Samuel Deléglise, Thomas Dent, Hüsne Dereli-Bégué, Vladimir Dergachev, Ryan Thomas DeRosa, Rosario De Rosa, Riccardo DeSalvo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Mario Claudio Díaz, Matteo Di Giovanni, Sibilla Di Pace, Irene Di Palma, Goran Dojcinoski, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Suresh Doravari, Rebecca Douglas, Thomas P. Downes, Jennifer C. Driggers, Marine Ducrot, Sheila Elizabeth Dwyer, Tega Boro Edo, Anamaria Effler, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Phil Ehrens, Stephen S Eikenberry, William Engels, Reed Essick, Todd Etzel, Thomas M. Evans, Ryan Everett, Maxim Factourovich, Viviana Fafone, Hannah Fair, Xilong Fan, Qi Fang, Stefania Farinon, Benjamin F. Farr, Will M. Farr, Marc Favata, Maxime Fays, Henning Fehrmann, Martin M. Fejer, Elvis C. Ferreira, Irene Fiori, Donatella Fiorucci, Ryan Patrick Fisher, Raffaele Flaminio, Mark Fletcher, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Samuel Franco, Sergio Frasca, Franco Frasconi, Zsolt Frei, Raymond E. Frey, Valentin Frey, Tobin T. Fricke, Valery Victor Frolov, Paul J. Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Hunter A. Gabbard, Jonathan R. Gair, Luca Gammaitoni, Sharad G. Gaonkar, Gurudatt Gaur, Neil Gehrels, Gianluca Gemme, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Jogy George, Vincent Germain, Shaon Ghosh, Joseph Anthony Giaime, K. Dwayne Giardina, Adalberto Giazotto, Andreas Glaefke, Ryan Goetz, László Gondán, Jose M. Gonzalez Castro, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Neil A. Gordon, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Sarah E. Gossan, Matthieu Gosselin, Romain Gouaty, Christian Graef, Philip B. Graff, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Giuseppe Greco, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Xiangyu Guo, Anuradha Gupta, Manojipr K. Gupta, Kaitlin E. Gushwa, Eric K. Gustafson, Richard Gustafson, Joshua J. Hacker, Bernard R. Hall, Evan Hall, Manuela M. Hanke, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Mark Douglas Hannam, Joe Hanson, Terra Hardwick, M. K. Haris, Ian Harry, Martin J. Hart, Michael T. Hartman, Carl-Johan Haster, Karen Haughian, Matthew Carl Heintze, Henrich Heitmann, Patrice Hello, Gary Hemming, Martin A. Hendry, Ik Siong Heng, Jan-Simon Hennig, Alastair W. Heptonstall, Michèle Heurs, Stefan Hild, Daniel Hoak, Kari Alison Hodge, David J. Hofman, Kathy Holt, Daniel E. Holz, Paul Hopkins, David J. Hosken, James Hough, Ewan A. Houston, Shu-Yu Huang, Dominique Huet, Brennan Hughey, Sabina H. Huttner, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Ashikuzzaman Idrisy, Nathaniel Indik, Ra Inta, Hafizah N. Isa, Jean-Michel Isac, Maximiliano Isi, Gabriel Islas, Tomoki Isogai, Bala R. Iyer, Kiwamu Izumi, Thibaut Jacqmin, Haengjin Jang, Karan Jani, Sharat Jawahar, Warren Wilmer Johnson, David Ian Jones, Reinier J. G. Jonker, Chinmay Vasudev Kalaghatgi, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Jonah B. Kanner, Sudarshan Karki, Marie Kasprzack, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Steffen Kaufer, Tejinder Kaur, Keita Kawabe, Fumiko Kawazoe, Fabien Kéfélian, Marcel S. Kehl, David Bruce Kelley, William Kells, Ross J. Kennedy, Joey Shapiro Key, Farit Y. Khalili, Imran Khan, Zaki A. Khan, Efim A. Khazanov, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Chi-Woong Kim, Jeong-Cho Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Young-Min Kim, Eleanor Jean King, Peter J. King, David L. Kinzel, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Lisa Kleybolte, Sina Maria Koehlenbeck, Keiko Kokeyama, Soumen Koley, Veronica Kondrashov, Antonios Kontos, William Z. Korth, Dan B. Kozak, Volker Kringel, Andrzej Królak, Christoph Krueger, Gerrit Kuehn, Ling-Chi Kuo, Adam Kutynia, Benjamin D. Lackey, Michael R. Landry, Jacob Lange, Brian Thomas Lantz, Albert Lazzarini, Paola Leaci, Sean Leavey, Eric O. Lebigot, Chang-Hwan Lee, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, Amber K. Lenon, Jonathan R. Leong, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Yuri Levin, Bruce Martin Levine, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Adam Libson, Tyson B. Littenberg, Nick A. Lockerbie, Joshua Logue, Alexander L. Lombardi, Jaysin E. Lord, Vincent Loriette, Marc Doug Lormand, James D. Lough, Harald Lück, Jialun Luo, Yiqiu Ma, Timothy MacDonald, Myron MacInnis, Duncan M. MacLeod, Ryan M. Magee, Mohana Mageswaran, Ivan Maksimovic, Valeria Malvezzi, Catherine Nary Man, Vuk Mandic, Georgia L. Mansell, Michael Manske, Maddalena Mantovani, Fabio Marchesoni, Frédérique Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Marka, Ashot S. Markosyan, Edward Maros, Filippo Martelli, Lionel Martellini, Iain Martin, Rodica M. Martin, Jay N. Marx, Kenneth R. Mason, Alain Masserot, Luca Matone, Nairwita Mazumder, Giulio Mazzolo, Scott McCormick, Stephen C. McGuire, Gary McIntyre, Jess McIver, David J. McManus, Sean T. McWilliams, Duncan Meacher, Grant David Meadors, Jeroen Meidam, Gregory Mendell, Robert A. Mercer, Edmond L. Merilh, Mourad Merzougui, Sydney Meshkov, Cody Messick, Patrick Meyers, Federica Mezzani, Christophe Michel, Leopoldo Milano, Margaret Millhouse, Yury Minenkov, Jing Ming, Saeed Mirshekari, Valeriy P. Mitrofanov, Andrea Moggi, Martin Mohan, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Matteo Montani, Dan Moraru, Gerardo Moreno, Sean R. Morriss, Kasem Mossavi, Benoit Mours, Chris L. Mueller, Guido Mueller, Alistair W. Muir, Debnandini Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Nikhil Mukund, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Peter G. Murray, Antonis Mytidis, Ilaria Nardecchia, Valentin Necula, Kalina V. Nedkova, Martina Neri, Ansel Neunzert, Gavin Newton, Thanh T. Nguyen, Flavio Nocera, David Nolting, Marc E. N. Normandin, Jason Oberling, Evan Ochsner, Joseph O’Dell, Gregory H. Ogin, John J. Oh, Frank Ohme, Miquel Oliver, Patrick Oppermann, Richard J. Oram, Brian O'Reilly, David J. Ottaway, Richard S. Ottens, Harry Overmier, Archana Pai, Siddhesh Arun Pai, Jordan R. Palamos, Oleg Palashov, Cristiano Palomba, Amrit Pal-Singh, Howard Pan, Christopher Paul Pankow, Brijesh Chandra Pant, Andrea Paoli, Hugo R. Paris, William Parker, Daniela Pascucci, Diego Passuello, Zachary Patrick, Brynley L. Pearlstone, Michael Pedraza, Richard Pedurand, Larne Pekowsky, Arnaud Pele, Steven D. Penn, Antonio Perreca, Mikhael Pichot, Gabriel Pillant, Laurent Pinard, Pasquale Popolizio, Alexander Post, Jayanti Prasad, Valeriu Predoi, Sammanani S. Premachandra, Tanner Prestegard, Larry R. Price, Mirko Prijatelj, Stephen Privitera, Oliver Puncken, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Frederick J. Raab, David S. Rabeling, Hugh Radkins, Peter Raffai, Sendhil Raja, Malik Rakhmanov, Virginia Re, Jocelyn Read, Cyrus M. Reed, Tania Regimbau, Luca Rei, Stuart Reid, David Reitze, Hunter Rew, Steven D. Reyes, Keith Riles, Norna Anne Robertson, Raymond Robie, Florent Robinet, Loïc Rolland, Jameson Graef Rollins, Vincent J. Roma, Rocco Romano, Gleb Romanov, Janeen H. Romie, Dorota Rosińska, Sheila Rowan, Albrecht Rüdiger, Paolo Ruggi, Kyle Ryan, Surabhi Sachdev, Travis Sadecki, Laleh Sadeghian, Livio Salconi, Anuradha Samajdar, Letizia Sammut, Eduardo Javier Sanchez, Vernon D. Sandberg, Benjamin Sandeen, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Benoit Sassolas, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, Peter R. Saulson, Richard L. Savage, Andreas Sawadsky, Paul Schale, Roland Schilling, Patricia Schmidt, Robert M. S. Schofield, Axel Schönbeck, Emil Schreiber, Dirk Schuette, Susan Scott, Daniel Sellers, Daniel Sentenac, Valeria Sequino, Alexander Sergeev, Gabriela Serna, Yoshinta Setyawati, Aaron Sevigny, Daniel A. Shaddock, Sweta Shah, Mohamd Selim Shahriar, Miroslav Shaltev, Zhenhua Shao, Brett Noah Shapiro, Alec Sheperd, Deirdre M. Shoemaker, Karelle Siellez, Xavier Siemens, Allan D. Silva, Dmitry Simakov, Abe Singer, Leo Singer, Avneet Singh, Robinjeet Singh, Akshat Singhal, Alicia Magdalena Sintes, Nicolas D. Smith, Rory J. E. Smith, Edwin J. Son, Tarun Souradeep, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Alexa N. Staley, Michael Steinke, Daniel Steinmeyer, Branson C. Stephens, Nathaniel A. Strauss, Sergey E. Strigin, Riccardo Sturani, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Ling Sun, Patrick J. Sutton, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Matteo Tacca, Sergey P. Tarabrin, Andrea Taracchini, Thomas Theeg, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, E. Gareth Thomas, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Kip S. Thorne, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Vaibhav Tiwari, Clive Tomlinson, Cristina V. Torres, Calum I. Torrie, Daniel Töyrä, Gary Traylor, Daniele Trifirò, Maria Concetta Tringali, Lucia Trozzo, Maggie Tse, Margherita Turconi, Darkhan Tuyenbayev, C.S. Unnikrishnan, Alex L. Urban, Samantha A. Usman, Henning Vahlbruch, Guillermo Valdes, Niels van Bakel, Martin van Beuzekom, Johannes van den Brand, Chris Van Den Broeck, Daniel Christopher Vander-Hyde, Laura van der Schaaf, Anna-Maria A van Veggel, Marco Vardaro, Steve Vass, Mátyás Vasúth, Ruslan Vaulin, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Didier Verkindt, Serena Vinciguerra, David J. Vine, Jean-Yves Vinet, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Vo, Cheryl Vorvick, Daniel Valentin Voss, Will D. Vousden, Sergey Vyatchanin, Andrew Wade, Leslie Wade, Madeline Wade, Marissa Walker, Larry Wallace, Haoyu Wang, Mengyao Wang, Xiaoge Wang, Yan Wang, Jim Warner, Betsy Weaver, Li-Wei Wei, Michael Weinert, Timothy Welborn, Peter Weßels, Tobias Westphal, Darren J. White, Roy D. Williams, Andrew R. Williamson, Joshua L. Willis, Maximilian H. Wimmer, Walter Winkler, Christopher C. Wipf, Holger Wittel, John Worden, Jennifer L. Wright, Guimin Wu, Joshua Yablon, William Yam, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Cregg C. Yancey, Min Jet Yap, Hang Yu, Michel Yvert, Adam Zadrożny, Lisa Zangrando, Michele Zanolin, Jean-Pierre Zendri, Liyuan Zhang, Mi Zhang, Yuan-Hao Zhang, Zifan Zhou, Michael E Zucker, Sarah E. Zuraw, Fan Zhang, James A. Clark, Matthew C. Edwards, Matthew Evans, Alex B. Nielsen, Joseph D. Romano, Justus Schmidt, Joshua R. Smith, Jessica Steinlechner, Sebastian Steinlechner

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