Astrophysical Implications of the Binary Black-hole Merger GW150914

journal article from 'The Astrophysical Journal Letters' published in 2016

Author/s

author: Kip S. Thorne, Sebastian Khan, Timo Denker, Prayush Kumar, Vincent Dolique, Lorenzo Aiello, David Keitel, Thomas Callister, Francesco Pannarale, Alberto Gatto, Luca Naticchioni, Márton Tápai, Giulia Stratta, Dipongkar Talukder, Chandra Kant Mishra, Fiodor Sorrentino, Barbara Patricelli, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Livia Conti, Claudia Lazzaro, Diego Bersanetti, Alexander Khalaidovski, Borja Sorazu, Valerio Boschi, Antoine Heidmann, Riccardo Bassiri, Maria Principe, Massimo Granata, Karl Wette, Zhihui Du, Bruce Gendre, Koji Arai, Paolo Addesso, Marco Drago, David B. Tanner, Alexander Harvey Nitz, John Veitch, Jamie Scott, Bruce Allen, Duncan A. Brown, Fabio Garufi, Francesco Fidecaro, Sanjit Mitra, John Zweizig, Flavio Travasso, Michel Boër, Francesco Piergiovanni, Helios Vocca, Daniel Sigg, Jan Harms, Matteo Lorenzini, László Árpád Gergely, Stephen Fairhurst, Andrea Chincarini, Chunnong Zhao, Graham Woan, Alessio Rocchi, Roberto Passaquieti, Elisabetta Cesarini, Badri Krishnan, Benjamin F. Farr, Stefan Hild, Matthew D. Pitkin, Philip Charlton, Shiuh Chao, Haixing Miao, Piotr Jaranowski, Stefano Ascenzi, Matteo Leonardi, Vincenzo Pierro, Giles D. Hammond, Viswanath Bavigadda, Francesco Salemi, Patricia Schmidt, Sebastian Steinlechner, Andrew Wade, Neil Gehrels, Tomasz Bulik, Johannes Eichholz, Chris J. Messenger, Vivien Raymond, Gregory Ashton, Paul A. Altin, Giovanni Cerretani, Alessandro Bertolini, Douglas Cook, Gregory M. Harry, Vaishali Adya, Christopher P. L. Berry, Ross Birney, Carl D. Blair, Aidan Brooks, Juan Calderon Bustillo, Kipp Cannon, Collin Capano, Lorenzo Cerboni Baiardi, Jong H. Chow, Christophe Collette, Cesar Costa, Stefan Danilishin, Gareth S Davies, Martina De Laurentis, Walter Del Pozzo, Anna Green, Gianluca Guidi, Sophie Hollitt, Eric Howell, Eliu A. Huerta, Paul Lasky, Sean Leavey, Chang-Hwan Lee, Andrew Lundgren, Denis V. Martynov, Thomas J. Massinger, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Yi-Ming Hu, Christopher J Moore, Conor M Mow-Lowry, David J. Murphy, Richard O'Shaughnessy, M. Alessandra Papa, Ornella Juliana Piccinni, Eric A. Quintero, Bas L. Swinkels, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Joris van Heijningen, Alberto Vecchio, Soma Mukherjee, François Bondu, Enrico Calloni, Eugenio Coccia, Leopoldo Milano, Ettore Majorana, Benjamin P. Abbott, Giacomo Ciani, Karsten Danzmann, Evan Goetz, David E. McClelland, Fabrice Matichard, Laura Kate Nuttall, Robert L. Ward, Rainer Weiss, Michel Davier, Susan Scott, Mauro Tonelli, Robert Taylor, Vasiliki Kalogera, Gabriela González, Orion Eli Sauter, Ronald Drever, Beverly Berger, Bernard F. Schutz, Roman Schnabel, Nergis Mavalvala, Dennis Ugolini, Richard K. Mittleman, Peter Fritschel, Volker Quetschke, Andrew Melatos, Thomas D. Abbott, Piero Rapagnani, Archisman Ghosh, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Sinead Walsh, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Todd Adams, Sukanta Bose, Gergely Debreczeni, Éric Chassande-Mottin, Massimiliano Razzano, Odylio D. Aguiar, David Blair, Alessandra Corsi, Luciano Di Fiore, Isidoro Ferrante, Paul J. Groot, Dale R. Ingram, Izabela Kowalska, Valentina Mangano, Jonathan Miller, Gijs Nelemans, Eric Oelker, Federico Paoletti, Rosa Poggiani, Ryan Quitzow-James, Bram Slagmolen, Nicolas Straniero, Amber L. Stuver, Eric Thrane, Kirill V. Tokmakov, Alan J. Weinstein, John T. Whelan, Bernard F Whiting, Benno Willke, Ryan Lynch, Gabriele Vajente, Fulvio P. Ricci, Gabriele Vedovato, Flavio Vetrano, Michael Zevin, Maria Haney, Francisco Jiménez-Forteza, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Nam-Gyu Kim, Mariela Masso-Reid, David Mendoza-Gandara, Arunava Mukherjee, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Samaya Nissanke, Richard Gustafson, Eric K. Gustafson, Jessica Steinlechner, Irene Di Palma, Reinier J. G. Jonker, Fausto Acernese, Kendall Ackley, Christopf Affeldt, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Karl Aaron Gill, James E. Brau, Chloe Gray, Russell Jones, Peter Shawhan, Robert L. Stone, Richard J. McCarthy, David H. Shoemaker, Sang Hoon Oh, Sergey Klimenko, Muhammed Saleem, Jiayi Qin, Michael Pürrer, Kyung-Ha Lee, Margot Hensler Hennig, Hannah Middleton, Eleonora Capocasa, Joshua L. Willis, Mikhail Korobko, Michael E Zucker, Michal Was, Gung-Won Kang, Leonid G. Prokhorov, David J. Hofman, Laura Cadonati, Dennis Coyne, Rajesh Kumble Nayak, K. G. Arun, Bernd Machenschalk, Antonio Pasqualetti, Jerome Degallaix, Federico Ferrini, Richard Abbott, Matthew R. Abernathy, Carl Adams, Rana Adhikari, Michalis Agathos, Nancy Aggarwal, Anirban Ain, Parameswaran Ajith, Annalisa Allocca, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Melody C. Araya, Cody C. Arceneaux, Joseph S. Areeda, Nicolas Arnaud, Melanie Ast, Stuart M. Aston, Pia Astone, Peter Aufmuth, Carsten Aulbert, Stanislav V. Babak, Philippe Bacon, Maria Karolina Margit Bader, Paul T. Baker, Francesca Baldaccini, Giulio Ballardin, Stefan W. Ballmer, Juan C. B. Barayoga, Sheena E. Barclay, Barry C. Barish, David Barker, Fabrizio Barone, Bryan Barr, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Dániel Barta, Jeffrey Bartlett, Imre Bartos, Andrea Basti, James C. Batch, Christoph Baune, Marco Bazzan, Berit Behnke, Michał Bejger, Krzysztof Belczynski, Angus S. Bell, Christopher James Bell, Justin Bergman, Gerald Bergmann, Joseph Charles Betzwieser, Swetha Bhagwat, Rohan Bhandare, Irina A. Bilenko, GariLynn Billingsley, Jeremy Birch, Sebastien Biscans, Aparna Bisht, Massimiliano Bitossi, Christopher Biwer, Marie-Anne Bizouard, J. Kent Blackburn, Steven Bloemen, Oliver Bock, Timothy P. Bodiya, Gilles Bogaert, Christina Bogan, Alejandro Bohé, Péter Bojtos, Charlotte Bond, Romain Bonnand, Boris A. Boom, Rolf Bork, Yann Bouffanais, Antonella Bozzi, Carlo Bradaschia, Patrick R Brady, Vladimir Braginsky, Marica Branchesi, Tristan Briant, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Violette Brisson, Patrick Brockill, Daniel David Brown, Nicolas M. Brown, Christopher C. Buchanan, Aaron Buikema, Henk Jan Bulten, Alessandra Buonanno, Damir Buskulic, Christelle Buy, Robert L. Byer, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Craig Cahillane, Jordan B. Camp, Junwei Cao, Franco Carbognani, Santiago Caride, Julia Casanueva Diaz, Claudio Casentini, Sarah Elizabeth Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Christian B. Cepeda, Rijuparna Chakraborty, Tara Chalermsongsak, Sydney J. Chamberlin, Manleong Chan, Hsin-Yu Chen, Yan-Bei Chen, Chun Cheng, Antonino Chiummo, Hee-Suk Cho, Min-a Cho, Nelson Lloyd Christensen, Qi Chu, Sheon S. Y. Chua, Shinkee Chung, Filiberto Clara, Frédéric Cleva, Pierre-François Cohadon, Alberto Colla, Lynn R. Cominsky, Marcio Constâncio Jr., Andrea Conte, Thomas Randall Corbitt, Neil J. Cornish, Stefano Cortese, Michael W. Coughlin, Scott Benjamin Coughlin, Jean-Pierre Coulon, Stefan Trklja Countryman, Peter Couvares, Erika E. Cowan, David Martin Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Robert Coyne, Kieran Craig, Jonathan Cripe, Sarah Gwynne Crowder, Andrew Cumming, Liam Cunningham, Elena Cuoco, Tito Dal Canton, Sabrina D'Antonio, Nicole S. Darman, Vincenzo Dattilo, Ishant Dave, Hernan P. Daveloza, Edward Daw, Richard Day, Daniel DeBra, Samuel Deléglise, Thomas Dent, Hüsne Dereli-Bégué, Vladimir Dergachev, Rosario De Rosa, Ryan Thomas DeRosa, Riccardo DeSalvo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Mario Claudio Díaz, Matteo Di Giovanni, Alberto Di Lieto, Sibilla Di Pace, Angela DiVirgilio, Goran Dojcinoski, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Suresh Doravari, Rebecca Douglas, Thomas P. Downes, Jennifer C. Driggers, Marine Ducrot, Sheila Elizabeth Dwyer, Tega Boro Edo, Anamaria Effler, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Phil Ehrens, Stephen S Eikenberry, William Engels, Reed Essick, Todd Etzel, Ryan Everett, Maxim Factourovich, Viviana Fafone, Hannah Fair, Xilong Fan, Qi Fang, Stefania Farinon, Will M. Farr, Marc Favata, Maxime Fays, Henning Fehrmann, Martin M. Fejer, Elvis C. Ferreira, Irene Fiori, Donatella Fiorucci, Ryan Patrick Fisher, Raffaele Flaminio, Mark Fletcher, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Samuel Franco, Franco Frasconi, Zsolt Frei, Andreas Freise, Raymond E. Frey, Valentin Frey, Tobin T. Fricke, Valery Victor Frolov, Paul J. Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Hunter A. Gabbard, Jonathan R. Gair, Luca Gammaitoni, Sharad G. Gaonkar, Gurudatt Gaur, Gianluca Gemme, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Jogy George, Vincent Germain, Shaon Ghosh, Joseph Anthony Giaime, K. Dwayne Giardina, Adalberto Giazotto, Andreas Glaefke, Ryan Goetz, László Gondán, Jose M. Gonzalez Castro, Achamveedu Gopakumar, Neil A. Gordon, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Sarah E. Gossan, Matthieu Gosselin, Romain Gouaty, Christian Graef, Philip B. Graff, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Giuseppe Greco, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Xiangyu Guo, Anuradha Gupta, Manojipr K. Gupta, Kaitlin E. Gushwa, Joshua J. Hacker, Bernard R. Hall, Evan Hall, Manuela M. Hanke, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Mark Douglas Hannam, Joe Hanson, Terra Hardwick, Ian Harry, Martin J. Hart, Michael T. Hartman, Carl-Johan Haster, Karen Haughian, Matthew Carl Heintze, Henrich Heitmann, Patrice Hello, Gary Hemming, Martin A. Hendry, Ik Siong Heng, Jan-Simon Hennig, Alastair W. Heptonstall, Michèle Heurs, Daniel Hoak, Kari Alison Hodge, Kathy Holt, Daniel E. Holz, Paul Hopkins, David J. Hosken, James Hough, Ewan A. Houston, Shu-Yu Huang, Dominique Huet, Brennan Hughey, Sascha Husa, Sabina H. Huttner, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Ashikuzzaman Idrisy, Nathaniel Indik, Ra Inta, Hafizah N. Isa, Jean-Michel Isac, Maximiliano Isi, Gabriel Islas, Tomoki Isogai, Bala R. Iyer, Kiwamu Izumi, Thibaut Jacqmin, Haengjin Jang, Karan Jani, Sharat Jawahar, Warren Wilmer Johnson, David Ian Jones, Li Ju, M. K. Haris, Chinmay Vasudev Kalaghatgi, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Jonah B. Kanner, Sudarshan Karki, Marie Kasprzack, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Steffen Kaufer, Tejinder Kaur, Keita Kawabe, Fumiko Kawazoe, Fabien Kéfélian, Marcel S. Kehl, David Bruce Kelley, William Kells, Ross J. Kennedy, Joey Shapiro Key, Farit Y. Khalili, Imran Khan, Zaki A. Khan, Efim A. Khazanov, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Chi-Woong Kim, Jaewan Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Namjun Kim, Young-Min Kim, Eleanor Jean King, Peter J. King, David L. Kinzel, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Lisa Kleybolte, Sina Maria Koehlenbeck, Keiko Kokeyama, Soumen Koley, Veronica Kondrashov, Antonios Kontos, William Z. Korth, Dan B. Kozak, Volker Kringel, Andrzej Królak, Christoph Krueger, Gerrit Kuehn, Ling-Chi Kuo, Adam Kutynia, Benjamin D. Lackey, Michael R. Landry, Jacob Lange, Brian Thomas Lantz, Albert Lazzarini, Paola Leaci, Eric O. Lebigot, Amber K. Lenon, Jonathan R. Leong, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Yuri Levin, Bruce Martin Levine, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Adam Libson, Tyson B. Littenberg, Nick A. Lockerbie, Joshua Logue, Alexander L. Lombardi, Jaysin E. Lord, Vincent Loriette, Marc Doug Lormand, Giovanni Losurdo, James D. Lough, Harald Lück, Jialun Luo, Yiqiu Ma, Timothy MacDonald, Myron MacInnis, Duncan M. MacLeod, Ryan M. Magee, Mohana Mageswaran, Ivan Maksimovic, Valeria Malvezzi, Catherine Nary Man, Ilya Mandel, Vuk Mandic, Georgia L. Mansell, Michael Manske, Maddalena Mantovani, Fabio Marchesoni, Frédérique Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Marka, Ashot S. Markosyan, Edward Maros, Filippo Martelli, Lionel Martellini, Iain Martin, Rodica M. Martin, Jay N. Marx, Kenneth R. Mason, Alain Masserot, Luca Matone, Nairwita Mazumder, Giulio Mazzolo, Scott McCormick, Stephen C. McGuire, Gary McIntyre, Jess McIver, David J. McManus, Sean T. McWilliams, Duncan Meacher, Grant David Meadors, Jeroen Meidam, Gregory Mendell, Robert A. Mercer, Edmond L. Merilh, Mourad Merzougui, Sydney Meshkov, Cody Messick, Patrick Meyers, Federica Mezzani, Christophe Michel, Margaret Millhouse, Yury Minenkov, Saeed Mirshekari, Valeriy P. Mitrofanov, Andrea Moggi, Martin Mohan, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Matteo Montani, Dan Moraru, Gerardo Moreno, Sean R. Morriss, Kasem Mossavi, Benoit Mours, Chris L. Mueller, Guido Mueller, Alistair W. Muir, Debnandini Mukherjee, Nikhil Mukund, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Peter G. Murray, Antonis Mytidis, Ilaria Nardecchia, Valentin Necula, Kalina V. Nedkova, Martina Neri, Ansel Neunzert, Gavin Newton, Thanh T. Nguyen, Flavio Nocera, David Nolting, Marc E. N. Normandin, Jason Oberling, Evan Ochsner, Joseph O’Dell, Gregory H. Ogin, John J. Oh, Frank Ohme, Miquel Oliver, Patrick Oppermann, Brian O'Reilly, David J. Ottaway, Richard S. Ottens, Harry Overmier, Benjamin J. Owen, Archana Pai, Siddhesh Arun Pai, Jordan R. Palamos, Oleg Palashov, Cristiano Palomba, Amrit Pal-Singh, Howard Pan, Christopher Paul Pankow, Brijesh Chandra Pant, Andrea Paoli, Hugo R. Paris, William Parker, Daniela Pascucci, Diego Passuello, Zachary Patrick, Brynley L. Pearlstone, Michael Pedraza, Richard Pedurand, Larne Pekowsky, Arnaud Pele, Steven D. Penn, Antonio Perreca, Mikhael Pichot, Gabriel Pillant, Laurent Pinard, Pasquale Popolizio, Alexander Post, Jade Powell, Jayanti Prasad, Valeriu Predoi, Sammanani S. Premachandra, Tanner Prestegard, Larry R. Price, Mirko Prijatelj, Stephen Privitera, Reinhard Prix, Giovanni Andrea Prodi, Oliver Puncken, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Hong Qi, Frederick J. Raab, David S. Rabeling, Hugh Radkins, Peter Raffai, Sendhil Raja, Malik Rakhmanov, Virginia Re, Jocelyn Read, Cyrus M. Reed, Tania Regimbau, Luca Rei, Stuart Reid, David Reitze, Hunter Rew, Steven D. Reyes, Keith Riles, Norna Anne Robertson, Raymond Robie, Florent Robinet, Loïc Rolland, Jameson Graef Rollins, Vincent J. Roma, Rocco Romano, Gleb Romanov, Janeen H. Romie, Dorota Rosińska, Sheila Rowan, Albrecht Rüdiger, Paolo Ruggi, Kyle Ryan, Surabhi Sachdev, Travis Sadecki, Laleh Sadeghian, Livio Salconi, Anuradha Samajdar, Letizia Sammut, Eduardo Javier Sanchez, Vernon D. Sandberg, Benjamin Sandeen, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Benoit Sassolas, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, Peter R. Saulson, Richard L. Savage, Andreas Sawadsky, Paul Schale, Roland Schilling, Robert M. S. Schofield, Axel Schönbeck, Emil Schreiber, Dirk Schuette, Daniel Sellers, Daniel Sentenac, Valeria Sequino, Alexander Sergeev, Gabriela Serna, Yoshinta Setyawati, Aaron Sevigny, Daniel A. Shaddock, Sweta Shah, Mohamd Selim Shahriar, Miroslav Shaltev, Zhenhua Shao, Brett Noah Shapiro, Alec Sheperd, Deirdre M. Shoemaker, Karelle Siellez, Xavier Siemens, Allan D. Silva, Dmitry Simakov, Abe Singer, Leo Singer, Avneet Singh, Robinjeet Singh, Akshat Singhal, Alicia Magdalena Sintes, Edwin J. Son, Tarun Souradeep, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Alexa N. Staley, Michael Steinke, Daniel Steinmeyer, Branson C. Stephens, Simon Stevenson, Kenneth Strain, Nathaniel A. Strauss, Sergey E. Strigin, Riccardo Sturani, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Ling Sun, Patrick J. Sutton, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Matteo Tacca, Sergey P. Tarabrin, Andrea Taracchini, Thomas Theeg, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, E. Gareth Thomas, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Keith Alan Thorne, Clive Tomlinson, Cristina V. Torres, Calum I. Torrie, Daniel Töyrä, Gary Traylor, Daniele Trifirò, Maria Concetta Tringali, Lucia Trozzo, Maggie Tse, Margherita Turconi, Darkhan Tuyenbayev, C.S. Unnikrishnan, Alex L. Urban, Samantha A. Usman, Henning Vahlbruch, Guillermo Valdes, Daniel Christopher Vander-Hyde, Marco Vardaro, Steve Vass, Mátyás Vasúth, Ruslan Vaulin, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Didier Verkindt, Andrea Viceré, Serena Vinciguerra, David J. Vine, Jean-Yves Vinet, Salvatore Vitale, Thomas Vo, Cheryl Vorvick, Daniel Valentin Voss, Will D. Vousden, Sergey Vyatchanin, Leslie Wade, Madeline Wade, Marissa Walker, Larry Wallace, Gang Wang, Haoyu Wang, Mengyao Wang, Xiaoge Wang, Yan Wang, Jim Warner, Betsy Weaver, Li-Wei Wei, Michael Weinert, Timothy Welborn, Linqing Wen, Peter Weßels, Tobias Westphal, Darren J. White, Roy D. Williams, Andrew R. Williamson, Maximilian H. Wimmer, Walter Winkler, Christopher C. Wipf, Holger Wittel, John Worden, Jennifer L. Wright, Guimin Wu, Joshua Yablon, William Yam, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Cregg C. Yancey, Min Jet Yap, Hang Yu, Michel Yvert, Adam Zadrożny, Lisa Zangrando, Michele Zanolin, Jean-Pierre Zendri, Liyuan Zhang, Mi Zhang, Yuan-Hao Zhang, Minchuan Zhou, Zifan Zhou, Sarah E. Zuraw, Ryan M. Blair, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, Jing Ming, Blake C. Moore, Richard J. Oram, Rory J. E. Smith, Vaibhav Tiwari, Niels van Bakel, Martin van Beuzekom, Johannes van den Brand, Chris Van Den Broeck, Laura van der Schaaf, Anna-Maria A van Veggel, Nicolas D. Smith, Fan Zhang, Justus Schmidt, Matthew C. Edwards, Sergio Frasca, Alex B. Nielsen, Matthew Evans, Joshua R. Smith, James A. Clark, Thomas M. Evans, Joseph D. Romano

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