Directed search for continuous gravitational waves from the Galactic center

scientific article published in November 2013

Author/s

author: Kip S. Thorne, Timo Denker, Prayush Kumar, Sebastian Steinlechner, David Keitel, David J. Murphy, Eric A. Quintero, Reinhard Prix, Luca Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, Carsten Aulbert, Dipongkar Talukder, Xing-Jiang Zhu, Peter Kalmus, Igor Neri, Alexander Khalaidovski, Fabrice Matichard, Alexander Harvey Nitz, Borja Sorazu, Atsushi Nishizawa, Karl Wette, Luca Gammaitoni, Gabriele Vedovato, Riccardo Bassiri, Vincenzo Pierro, Massimo Granata, Sascha Husa, Koji Arai, Antoine Heidmann, Maria Principe, Marco Drago, David B. Tanner, John Veitch, Jamie Scott, Bruce Allen, Duncan A. Brown, Fulvio P. Ricci, Andrea Chincarini, Haixing Miao, Flavio Vetrano, Benjamin F. Farr, Chunnong Zhao, Graham Woan, Matthew D. Pitkin, Francesco Piergiovanni, Elisabetta Cesarini, Jan Harms, Stephen Fairhurst, Daniel Sigg, Helios Vocca, John Zweizig, Philip Charlton, Flavio Travasso, Gabriele Vajente, Matteo Lorenzini, Stefan Hild, Sanjit Mitra, Francesco Fidecaro, Badri Krishnan, Roberto Passaquieti, László Árpád Gergely, Alessio Rocchi, Jong H. Chow, Piotr Jaranowski, Giovanni Losurdo, Piero Rapagnani, Rosa Poggiani, Elena Cuoco, Eugenio Coccia, Matteo Leonardi, Giles D. Hammond, Francesco Salemi, Linqing Wen, Yi-Ming Hu, Eric Thrane, Vivien Raymond, Neil Gehrels, Tomasz Bulik, Johannes Eichholz, Chris J. Messenger, Alessandro Bertolini, Bryan Barr, Douglas Cook, Gregory M. Harry, Alberto Vecchio, Soma Mukherjee, François Bondu, Enrico Calloni, Leopoldo Milano, Ettore Majorana, Benjamin P. Abbott, Giacomo Ciani, Karsten Danzmann, Evan Goetz, David E. McClelland, Laura Kate Nuttall, Robert L. Ward, Rainer Weiss, Michel Davier, Susan Scott, Mauro Tonelli, Robert Taylor, Vasiliki Kalogera, Gabriela González, Ronald Drever, Lee Samuel Finn, Bernard F. Schutz, Stanley E. Whitcomb, Roman Schnabel, Nergis Mavalvala, Michel Boër, Dennis Ugolini, Richard K. Mittleman, Peter Fritschel, Volker Quetschke, Andrew Melatos, Jesus Manuel Vizán Garcia, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Todd Adams, Sukanta Bose, Gergely Debreczeni, Éric Chassande-Mottin, Zsuzsanna Marka, Eric K. Gustafson, Joseph Charles Betzwieser, Fausto Acernese, Peter Aufmuth, James E. Brau, Ryan Quitzow-James, Chloe Gray, Russell Jones, Peter Shawhan, Robert L. Stone, Richard J. McCarthy, David H. Shoemaker, Sang Hoon Oh, Alessandra Corsi, Sergey Klimenko, Andrew G. Ivanov, Matthew R. Abernathy, Walter Del Pozzo, Luciano Di Fiore, Dale R. Ingram, Clancy James, Izabela Kowalska, Iain Martin, Jonathan Miller, Federico Paoletti, Michael Pedraza, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Bernard F Whiting, Shigeru Yoshida, Rana Adhikari, Christopf Affeldt, Nancy Aggarwal, Pia Astone, Juan C. B. Barayoga, Michael Coughlin, Richard Gustafson, Reinier J. G. Jonker, Cristiano Palomba, Daniel A. Shaddock, Odylio D. Aguiar, David Blair, Aidan Brooks, Juan Calderon Bustillo, Kipp Cannon, Collin Capano, Cesar Costa, Stefan Danilishin, Gareth S Davies, Isidoro Ferrante, Gianluca Guidi, Eric Howell, Eliu A. Huerta, Paul Lasky, Andrew Lundgren, Valentina Mangano, Denis V. Martynov, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, Conor M Mow-Lowry, Eric Oelker, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Bram Slagmolen, Amber L. Stuver, Bas L. Swinkels, Kirill V. Tokmakov, Joris van Heijningen, Rachel Vincent-Finley, Alan J. Weinstein, John T. Whelan, Benno Willke, E. Amador Ceron, S. Gil-Casanova, Francisco Jiménez-Forteza, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, Esther M Ter Braack, W. Ortega Larcher, Vladimir A. Litvine, Laura Cadonati, H. Kaufer, Dennis Coyne, Rory J. E. Smith, J. Abadie, Timothée Accadia, Parameswaran Ajith, Annalisa Allocca, Daniel V. Amariutei, C. Arceneaux, Joseph S. Areeda, Benjamin E. Aylott, Thomas D. Abbott, Bernd Machenschalk, Antonio Pasqualetti, Jerome Degallaix, Federico Ferrini, Junaid Aasi, Richard Abbott, Carl Adams, Michalis Agathos, Robert A. Anderson, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Melody C. Araya, Stefan Ast, Stuart M. Aston, Lisa Austin, Stanislav V. Babak, Paul T. Baker, Giulio Ballardin, Stefan W. Ballmer, David Barker, Sam H. Barnum, Fabrizio Barone, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Mark Andrew Barton, Imre Bartos, Andrea Basti, James C. Batch, Joeran Bauchrowitz, Thomas S. Bauer, Michael V. Bebronne, Berit Behnke, Michał Bejger, Mark G. Beker, Angus S. Bell, Christopher James Bell, Ilya Belopolski, Gerald Bergmann, Jonathan M. Berliner, Daniel Bessis, Peter T. Beyersdorf, Tej Bhadbhade, Irina A. Bilenko, GariLynn Billingsley, Jeremy Birch, Massimiliano Bitossi, Marie-Anne Bizouard, Eric Black, J. Kent Blackburn, Lindy Blackburn, Matheus Blom, Oliver Bock, Timothy P. Bodiya, Christina Bogan, Charlotte Bond, Laura Bonelli, Romain Bonnand, Rolf Bork, Michael Born, Leone B. Bosi, Joseph Bowers, Carlo Bradaschia, Patrick R Brady, Vladimir Braginsky, Marica Branchesi, Carl A. Brannen, Jens Breyer, Tristan Briant, Derek O. Bridges, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Violette Brisson, Michael Britzger, Daniel David Brown, Frank Brückner, Henk Jan Bulten, Alessandra Buonanno, Damir Buskulic, Christelle Buy, Robert L. Byer, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Jordan B. Camp, Paul Campsie, Benjamin Canuel, Junwei Cao, Franco Carbognani, Ludovico Carbone, Santiago Caride, Anthony Castiglia, Sarah Elizabeth Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Christian B. Cepeda, Rijuparna Chakraborty, Tara Chalermsongsak, Shiuh Chao, Xu Chen, Yan-Bei Chen, Antonino Chiummo, Hee-Suk Cho, Nelson Lloyd Christensen, Qi Chu, Sheon S. Y. Chua, Shinkee Chung, Filiberto Clara, James A. Clark, Frédéric Cleva, Pierre-François Cohadon, Alberto Colla, Marzia Colombini, Marcio Constâncio Jr., Andrea Conte, Roberto Conte, Thomas Randall Corbitt, Mark Cordier, Neil J. Cornish, Jean-Pierre Coulon, Stefan Trklja Countryman, Peter Couvares, David Martin Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Kieran Craig, Teviet D. Creighton, Sarah Gwynne Crowder, Andrew Cumming, Liam Cunningham, Katrin Dahl, Tito Dal Canton, Marcin D. Damjanic, Sabrina D'Antonio, Vincenzo Dattilo, Britta Daudert, Hernan P. Daveloza, Edward Daw, Richard Day, Thilina Dayanga, Rosario De Rosa, Eric Deleeuw, Samuel Deléglise, Thomas Dent, Hüsne Dereli-Bégué, Vladimir Dergachev, Ryan Thomas DeRosa, Riccardo DeSalvo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Alberto Di Lieto, Irene Di Palma, Angela DiVirgilio, Mario Claudio Díaz, Alexander Dietz, Dmitry V. Koptsov, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Suresh Doravari, Jennifer C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, Jean-Charles Dumas, Sheila Elizabeth Dwyer, Tobias Eberle, Anamaria Effler, Phil Ehrens, Stephen S Eikenberry, Gabor Tamas Endrőczi, Reed Essick, Todd Etzel, Matthew Evans, Thomas M. Evans, Maxim Factourovich, Viviana Fafone, Qi Fang, Will M. Farr, Marc Favata, Diego Fazi, Henning Fehrmann, David Feldbaum, Irene Fiori, Ryan Patrick Fisher, Raffaele Flaminio, Evan L. Foley, Stephany Foley, Ericka Forsi, Nickolas V. Fotopoulos, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Samuel Franco, Franco Frasconi, Maik Frede, Melissa A. Frei, Zsolt Frei, Andreas Freise, Raymond E. Frey, Tobin T. Fricke, Valery Victor Frolov, Masakatsu Fujimoto, Paul J. Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Jonathan R. Gair, Fabio Garufi, Gianluca Gemme, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Joseph Anthony Giaime, Stefanos Giampanis, K. Dwayne Giardina, Adalberto Giazotto, Colin Gill, Joseph R. Gleason, Ryan Goetz, László Gondán, Neil A. Gordon, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Sarah E. Gossan, Stefan Goßler, Romain Gouaty, Christian Graef, Philip B. Graff, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, R. Justin S. Greenhalgh, Andri M. Gretarsson, Chris Griffo, Hartmut Grote, Katherine Grover, Steffen Grunewald, Christopher J. Guido, Kaitlin E. Gushwa, Bernard R. Hall, Evan Hall, David Hammer, Manuela M. Hanke, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Joe Hanson, Ian Harry, Emelie D. Harstad, Michael T. Hartman, Karen Haughian, Kazuhiro Hayama, Jay Heefner, Matthew Carl Heintze, Henrich Heitmann, Patrice Hello, Gary Hemming, Martin A. Hendry, Ik Siong Heng, Alastair W. Heptonstall, Michèle Heurs, Daniel Hoak, Kari Alison Hodge, Kathy Holt, Maurik Willem Holtrop, Ting Hong, Shaun Hooper, Travis Horrom, David J. Hosken, James Hough, Zhang Hua, Vincent Huang, Brennan Hughey, Sabina H. Huttner, Marie Huynh, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Joseph Iafrate, Ra Inta, Tomoki Isogai, Bala R. Iyer, Kiwamu Izumi, Mindy B. Jacobson, Haengjin Jang, Young J. Jang, Warren Wilmer Johnson, David Jones, David Ian Jones, Li Ju, M. K. Haris, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Gung-Won Kang, Jonah B. Kanner, Marie Kasprzack, Raghuvir Kasturi, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Katherine Kaufman, Keita Kawabe, Seiji Kawamura, Fumiko Kawazoe, Fabien Kéfélian, David Bruce Kelley, William Kells, Drew Garvin Keppel, Farit Y. Khalili, Efim A. Khazanov, Beob-Kyun Kim, Chi-Woong Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Namjun Kim, Won Kim, Young-Min Kim, Eleanor Jean King, Peter J. King, David L. Kinzel, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Jeffery T. Kline, Sina Maria Koehlenbeck, Keiko Kokeyama, Veronica Kondrashov, Scott Koranda, William Z. Korth, Dan B. Kozak, Anthony Kremin, Volker Kringel, Andrzej Królak, Christopher Kucharczyk, Stephen Kudla, Gerrit Kuehn, Ajai Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Ruslan Kurdyumov, Patrick Kwee, Michael R. Landry, Brian Thomas Lantz, Craig Lawrie, Albert Lazzarini, Adrien Le Roux, Paola Leaci, Eric O. Lebigot, Chang-Hwan Lee, Hyun-Kyu Lee, Hyung Mok Lee, Junghyun Paul Lee, Jonathan R. Leong, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Bruce Martin Levine, Jeffrey B. Lewis, Vincent Lhuillier, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Angie C. Lin, Tyson B. Littenberg, Hao Liu, Yuan Liu, Zhanwei Liu, Dorothy Lloyd, Nick A. Lockerbie, Veronica Lockett, Deepali Lodhia, Kevin Michael Loew, Joshua Logue, Alexander L. Lombardi, Vincent Loriette, Marc Doug Lormand, James D. Lough, Mark J. Lubinski, Harald Lück, John Macarthur, Erin P. Macdonald, Myron MacInnis, Duncan M. MacLeod, Mohana Mageswaran, Ken Mailand, Ivan Maksimovic, Valeria Malvezzi, Catherine Nary Man, Gian-Mario Manca, Ilya Mandel, Vuk Mandic, Maddalena Mantovani, Fabio Marchesoni, Frédérique Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Ashot S. Markosyan, Edward Maros, Julien Marque, Filippo Martelli, Rodica M. Martin, Luigi Martinelli, Jay N. Marx, Kenneth R. Mason, Alain Masserot, Thomas J. Massinger, Luca Matone, Richard Matzner, Garrett May, Nairwita Mazumder, Giulio Mazzolo, Stephen C. McGuire, Gary McIntyre, Jess McIver, Duncan Meacher, Grant David Meadors, Moritz Mehmet, Jeroen Meidam, Tobias Meier, Gregory Mendell, Robert A. Mercer, Sydney Meshkov, Michael S. Meyer, Christophe Michel, Yury Minenkov, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, Valeriy P. Mitrofanov, Brian Moe, Martin Mohan, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Felicitas Mokler, Dan Moraru, Gerardo Moreno, Nazario Morgado, Takumi Mori, Sean R. Morriss, Kasem Mossavi, Benoit Mours, Chris L. Mueller, Guido Mueller, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Peter G. Murray, Antonis Mytidis, Máté Ferenc Nagy, Deepak Nanda Kumar, Ilaria Nardecchia, E. Thomas Nash, Rajesh Kumble Nayak, Valentin Necula, Gavin Newton, Thanh T. Nguyen, Erina Nishida, Flavio Nocera, David Nolting, Marc E. N. Normandin, Evan Ochsner, Joseph O’Dell, Gregory H. Ogin, John J. Oh, Frank Ohme, Patrick Oppermann, Brian O'Reilly, Charles Osthelder, David J. Ottaway, Richard S. Ottens, Jeng-Shiun Ou, Harry Overmier, Benjamin J. Owen, Cinthia T. Padilla, Archana Pai, Yi Pan, Christopher Paul Pankow, Riccardo Paoletti, M. Alessandra Papa, Hugo R. Paris, Diego Passuello, Prabath Peiris, Steven D. Penn, Antonio Perreca, Margot Hensler Hennig, Mikhael Pichot, Michaela Pickenpack, Laurent Pinard, Bartosz Pindor, Jan H. Poeld, Violet Poole, Claude Poux, Valeriu Predoi, Tanner Prestegard, Larry R. Price, Mirko Prijatelj, Stephen Privitera, Giovanni Andrea Prodi, Leonid G. Prokhorov, Oliver Puncken, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Frederick J. Raab, David S. Rabeling, István Rácz, Hugh Radkins, Peter Raffai, Sendhil Raja, Gurumurthy Rajalakshmi, Malik Rakhmanov, Celine R. Ramet, Virginia Re, Cyrus M. Reed, Tracie Reed, Tania Regimbau, Stuart Reid, David Reitze, Richard Riesen, Keith Riles, Norna Anne Robertson, Florent Robinet, Shannon B. Roddy, Carl Rodriguez, Michael Rodruck, Christian Röver, Loïc Rolland, Jameson Graef Rollins, Rocco Romano, Gleb Romanov, Janeen H. Romie, Dorota Rosińska, Sheila Rowan, Albrecht Rüdiger, Paolo Ruggi, Kyle Ryan, Letizia Sammut, Vernon D. Sandberg, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Virginio Sannibale, Ignacio Santiago-Prieto, Emeline Saracco, Benoit Sassolas, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, Peter R. Saulson, Richard L. Savage, Roland Schilling, Robert M. S. Schofield, Emil Schreiber, Dirk Schuette, Bastian Schulz, Paul Schwinberg, Frank Seifert, Daniel Sellers, Anand S. Sengupta, Daniel Sentenac, Alexander Sergeev, Sweta Shah, Mohamd Selim Shahriar, Miroslav Shaltev, Brett Noah Shapiro, Trevor L. Sidery, Karelle Siellez, Xavier Siemens, Dmitry Simakov, Abe Singer, Leo Singer, Alicia Magdalena Sintes, Gregory R. Skelton, Jacob Slutsky, Michael R. Smith, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre, Kevin Soden, Edwin J. Son, Tarun Souradeep, Laura Sperandio, Alexa N. Staley, Erin Steinert, Jessica Steinlechner, Szymon Steplewski, Daniel Stevens, Alberto Stochino, Kenneth Strain, Sergey E. Strigin, Alexander S. Stroeer, Riccardo Sturani, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Sunil Susmithan, Patrick J. Sutton, Gábor Szeifert, Matteo Tacca, Lappoon Tang, Sergey P. Tarabrin, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Keith Alan Thorne, Vaibhav Tiwari, Clive Tomlinson, Alessandra Toncelli, Oriella Torre, Cristina V. Torres, Calum I. Torrie, Gary Traylor, Maggie Tse, C.S. Unnikrishnan, Henning Vahlbruch, Michele Vallisneri, Johannes van den Brand, Chris Van Den Broeck, Sipho van der Putten, Marc V. van der Sluys, Anna-Maria A van Veggel, Steve Vass, Mátyás Vasúth, Ruslan Vaulin, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Didier Verkindt, Siddartha S. Verma, Andrea Viceré, Jean-Yves Vinet, Brian James Vlcek, Thomas Vo, Cheryl Vorvick, Will D. Vousden, Daniel Vrinceanu, Sergey Vyatchanin, Andrew Wade, Leslie Wade, Madeline Wade, Samuel J. Waldman, Marissa Walker, Larry Wallace, Yuxin Wan, Julie Wang, Mengyao Wang, Xiaoge Wang, Alexander Wanner, Michal Was, Betsy Weaver, Li-Wei Wei, Michael Weinert, Timothy Welborn, Peter Weßels, Matthew West, Tobias Westphal, Darren J. White, Sandi Wibowo, Karsten Wiesner, Carol Ann Wilkinson, Luke Williams, Roy D. 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