An upper limit on the stochastic gravitational-wave background of cosmological origin

scientific article published on 20 August 2009

Author/s

author: Kip S. Thorne, Albert Claude Boccara, Thomas Cokelaer, Rahul Biswas, Rubab Khan, Lucía Santamaría, Carsten Aulbert, Alexander Khalaidovski, Fabrice Matichard, Peter Kalmus, Dipongkar Talukder, Igor Neri, Fabio Postiglione, Gabriele Vedovato, Borja Sorazu, Atsushi Nishizawa, Vincenzo Galdi, Luca Gammaitoni, Riccardo Bassiri, Valerio Boschi, Massimo Granata, Maria Principe, Karl Wette, Leopoldo Milano, John Veitch, David B. Tanner, Alessio Rocchi, Jamie Scott, Bruce Allen, Duncan A. Brown, Fulvio P. Ricci, Flavio Vetrano, Chunnong Zhao, Graham Woan, Matthew D. Pitkin, Stefan Hild, Vincenzo Pierro, Conor M Mow-Lowry, Elisabetta Cesarini, Jan Harms, Daniel Sigg, Helios Vocca, John Zweizig, Flavio Travasso, Gabriele Vajente, Matteo Lorenzini, Francesco Piergiovanni, Francesco Fidecaro, Gianluca Guidi, Roberto Passaquieti, Badri Krishnan, Stephen Fairhurst, Philip Charlton, Giovanni Losurdo, Andrea Viceré, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Eugenio Coccia, Rosa Poggiani, Elena Cuoco, Piero Rapagnani, Fabio Garufi, François Bondu, Andreas Freise, Isidoro Ferrante, Benno Willke, Raymond E. Frey, Francesco Salemi, Linqing Wen, Rocco Romano, J. Zhang, Yoichi Aso, Vivien Raymond, Ettore Majorana, Li Ju, Chris J. Messenger, Bryan Barr, Douglas Cook, Rana Adhikari, Stefan W. Ballmer, Gregory M. Harry, Alberto Vecchio, Soma Mukherjee, Enrico Calloni, Julien Moreau, Gianluca Persichetti, Benjamin P. Abbott, Karsten Danzmann, Evan Goetz, David E. McClelland, Robert L. Ward, Rainer Weiss, Michel Davier, Susan Scott, Soumya D. Mohanty, Mauro Tonelli, Robert Taylor, Vasiliki Kalogera, Gabriela González, Ronald Drever, Lee Samuel Finn, Bernard F. Schutz, Stanley E. Whitcomb, Roman Schnabel, Nergis Mavalvala, Volker Quetschke, Richard K. Mittleman, Dennis Ugolini, Peter Fritschel, Andrew Melatos, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Sukanta Bose, Éric Chassande-Mottin, Gareth S Davies, Giles D. Hammond, Kirill V. Tokmakov, Alan J. Weinstein, John T. Whelan, David Blair, Aidan Brooks, Iain Martin, Stefan Danilishin, Cristiano Palomba, Bram Slagmolen, Amber L. Stuver, Bas L. Swinkels, Kipp Cannon, Helge Müller-Ebhardt, Llucia Sancho de la Jordana, Eric K. Gustafson, Fausto Acernese, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Marka, H. Armandula, Peter Aufmuth, Joseph Charles Betzwieser, Peter Beyersdorf, James E. Brau, Jacques Colas, Chloe Gray, Russell Jones, Peter Shawhan, Robert L. Stone, Richard J. McCarthy, David H. Shoemaker, Alessandra Corsi, Sergey Klimenko, Andrew G. Ivanov, Stefano Braccini, Laura Cadonati, K. G. Arun, Bernd Machenschalk, Antonio Pasqualetti, Jerome Degallaix, Parameswaran Ajith, Graham S. Allen, Mohamed Alshourbagy, Rupal Shashikant Amin, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Federica Antonucci, Sofiane Aoudia, Muzammil A. Arain, Melody C. Araya, Paul Armor, Stuart M. Aston, Pia Astone, Stanislav V. Babak, Paul T. Baker, Giulio Ballardin, Carl Barker, David Barker, Fabrizio Barone, Pablo Barriga, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Mark Andrew Barton, Imre Bartos, Mikel Bastarrika, Thomas S. Bauer, Berit Behnke, Mark G. Beker, Matt Benacquista, Stefano Bigotta, Irina A. Bilenko, GariLynn Billingsley, Simona Birindelli, Marie-Anne Bizouard, Eric Black, J. Kent Blackburn, Lindy Blackburn, Betsy Weaver, Timothy P. Bodiya, Lisa Bogue, Laura Bonelli, Rolf Bork, Leone B. Bosi, Carlo Bradaschia, Patrick R Brady, Vladimir Braginsky, Johannes van den Brand, Derek O. Bridges, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Violette Brisson, Chris Van Den Broeck, Amanda Brummitt, Gautier Brunet, Amber Bullington, Henk Jan Bulten, Alessandra Buonanno, Oliver Burmeister, Damir Buskulic, Robert L. Byer, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Jordan B. Camp, Enrico Campagna, John K. Cannizzo, Benjamin Canuel, Junwei Cao, Franco Carbognani, Lee Cardenas, Santiago Caride, Giuseppe Castaldi, Sarah Elizabeth Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Christian B. Cepeda, Tara Chalermsongsak, Eleanor Chalkley, Shourov K Chatterji, Simon Chelkowski, Yan-Bei Chen, Nelson Lloyd Christensen, Christine T. Y. Chung, Daniel E. Clark, Jessica H. Clayton, Frédéric Cleva, Carlo Nicola Colacino, Alberto Colla, Marzia Colombini, Roberto Conte, Thomas Randall Corbitt, Christian Corda, Neil J. Cornish, Jean-Pierre Coulon, David Martin Coward, Dennis Coyne, Teviet D. Creighton, Mike Cruise, Ronald M. Cutler, Andrew Cumming, Liam Cunningham, Sabrina D'Antonio, Anna Dari, Vincenzo Dattilo, Britta Daudert, Edward Daw, Richard Day, Rosario De Rosa, Daniel DeBra, Marina del Prete, Vladimir Dergachev, Shantanu Desai, Riccardo DeSalvo, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Luciano Di Fiore, Alberto Di Lieto, Maurizio Di Paolo Emilio, Angela DiVirgilio, Mario Claudio Díaz, Alexander Dietz, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Edward E. Doomes, J. Dueck, Ian Duke, Jean-Charles Dumas, John G. Dwyer, Christopher Echols, Matthew Edgar, Anamaria Effler, Phil Ehrens, Greg Ely, Erik Espinoza, Todd Etzel, Matthew Evans, Thomas M. Evans, Viviana Fafone, Youssef Faltas, Yaohui Fan, Diego Fazi, Henning Fehrmann, Irene Fiori, Raffaele Flaminio, Kevin Flasch, Stephany Foley, Chad Forrest, Nickolas V. Fotopoulos, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Janyce Franc, Anne Theresia Franzen, Sergio Frasca, Franco Frasconi, Maik Frede, Melissa A. Frei, Zsolt Frei, Tobin T. Fricke, Valery Victor Frolov, Michael Fyffe, Justin Albert Garofoli, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Iraj Gholami, Joseph Anthony Giaime, Stefanos Giampanis, K. Dwayne Giardina, Adalberto Giazotto, Keisuke Gōda, Lisa M. Goggin, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Stefan Goßler, Romain Gouaty, Valeria Granata, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Mal Gray, R. Justin S. Greenhalgh, Andri M. Gretarsson, Caroline Greverie, Filippo Grimaldi, Roberto Grosso, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Mark Guenther, Richard Gustafson, Boris Hage, Jonathan Mark Hallam, David Hammer, Chad Hanna, Joe Hanson, Ian Harry, Emelie D. Harstad, Karen Haughian, Kazuhiro Hayama, Jay Heefner, Henrich Heitmann, Patrice Hello, Ik Siong Heng, Alastair W. Heptonstall, Martin R. Hewitson, Eiichi Hirose, Daniel Hoak, Kari Alison Hodge, Kathy Holt, David J. Hosken, James Hough, David Hoyland, Dominique Huet, Brennan Hughey, Sabina H. Huttner, Dale R. Ingram, Tomoki Isogai, Masahiro Ito, Ben Johnson, Warren Wilmer Johnson, David Ian Jones, Gareth Jones, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Jonah B. Kanner, D. Kasprzyk, Erik Katsavounidis, Keita Kawabe, Seiji Kawamura, Fumiko Kawazoe, William Kells, Drew Garvin Keppel, Farit Y. Khalili, Efim A. Khazanov, Peter J. King, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Keiko Kokeyama, Veronica Kondrashov, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Scott Koranda, Dan B. Kozak, Patrick Kwee, Paolo La Penna, Ping Koy Lam, Michael R. Landry, Brian Thomas Lantz, Albert Lazzarini, Hansheng Lei, Mary Lei, Nicholas Leindecker, Isabel Leonor, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Chao Li, Hsin-Jung Lin, Phil E. Lindquist, Tyson B. Littenberg, Nick A. Lockerbie, Deepali Lodhia, Maurizio Longo, Vincent Loriette, Marc Doug Lormand, Patrick Lu, Mark J. Lubinski, Antonio Lucianetti, Harald Lück, Myron MacInnis, Jean-Marie Mackowski, Mohana Mageswaran, Ken Mailand, Catherine Nary Man, Ilya Mandel, Vuk Mandic, Frédérique Marion, Ashot S. Markosyan, Jared John Markowitz, Edward Maros, Julien Marque, Rodica M. Martin, Jay N. Marx, Kenneth R. Mason, Alain Masserot, Luca Matone, Richard Matzner, Stephen C. McGuire, Martin McHugh, Gary McIntyre, David J. A. McKechan, Kirk McKenzie, Moritz Mehmet, Adrian C. Melissinos, Gregory Mendell, Diego F. Menéndez, Filippo Menzinger, Robert A. Mercer, Sydney Meshkov, Michael S. Meyer, Christophe Michel, John Miller, Jeff Minelli, Yury Minenkov, Yasushi Mino, Valeriy P. Mitrofanov, Osamu Miyakawa, Brian Moe, Martin Mohan, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Gerardo Moreno, Nazario Morgado, A. Morgia, Tomoko Morioka, Konrad Mors, Simona Mosca, Kasem Mossavi, Benoit Mours, Guido Mueller, Deborah Muhammad, Heiko zur Mühlen, Himan Mukhopadhyay, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Peter G. Murray, Eric Myers, Joshua Myers, E. Thomas Nash, Timothy J. N. Nelson, Gavin Newton, Flavio Nocera, Kenji Numata, Evan Ochsner, Joseph O’Dell, Gregory H. Ogin, Brian O'Reilly, David J. Ottaway, Richard S. Ottens, Harry Overmier, Benjamin J. Owen, Giulia Pagliaroli, Yi Pan, Christopher Paul Pankow, Federico Paoletti, M. Alessandra Papa, Vagesh Parameshwaraiah, Silvio Pardi, Diego Passuello, Pinkesh K. Patel, Michael Pedraza, Steven D. Penn, Antonio Perreca, Mikhael Pichot, Laurent Pinard, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Holger Johannes Pletsch, Michael V. Plissi, Reinhard Prix, Giovanni Andrea Prodi, Leonid G. Prokhorov, Oliver Puncken, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Sipho van der Putten, Frederick J. Raab, Olivier Rabaste, David S. Rabeling, Hugh Radkins, Peter Raffai, Zoltan Raics, N. Rainer, Malik Rakhmanov, Virginia Re, Cyrus M. Reed, Tracie Reed, Tania Regimbau, Henning Rehbein, Stuart Reid, David Reitze, Richard Riesen, Keith Riles, Bartie Rivera, Philip Roberts, Norna Anne Robertson, Florent Robinet, Craig Robinson, Emma L Robinson, Shannon B. Roddy, Loïc Rolland, Jameson Graef Rollins, Joseph D. Romano, Janeen H. Romie, Christian Röver, Sheila Rowan, Albrecht Rüdiger, Paolo Ruggi, P. Russell, Kyle Ryan, Shihori Sakata, Vernon D. Sandberg, Virginio Sannibale, Shally Saraf, Pradeep Sarin, Benoit Sassolas, Bangalore S. Sathyaprakash, Shuichi Sato, Matthew Satterthwaite, Peter R. Saulson, Richard L. Savage, Pavlin Savov, M. Scanlan, Roland Schilling, Robert M. S. Schofield, Bastian Schulz, Paul Schwinberg, Antony C. Searle, Bruce Sears, Frank Seifert, Daniel Sellers, Anand S. Sengupta, Daniel Sentenac, Alexander Sergeev, Brett Noah Shapiro, Allen Sibley, Xavier Siemens, Supriyo Sinha, Alicia Magdalena Sintes, Jacob Slutsky, Marc V. van der Sluys, Michael R. Smith, Nicolas D. Smith, Kentaro Somiya, Andrew J. Stein, Leo C. Stein, Szymon Steplewski, Alberto Stochino, Kenneth Strain, Sergey E. Strigin, Alexander S. Stroeer, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Ke-Xun Sun, Myungkee Sung, Patrick J. Sutton, Gyula P. Szokoly, Lappoon Tang, Sergey P. Tarabrin, J. R. Taylor, John Thacker, Keith Alan Thorne, Andre Thüring, Alessandra Toncelli, Cristina V. Torres, Calum I. Torrie, Edwige Tournefier, Gary Traylor, Miquel Trias, J. Trummer, J. Ulmen, Karel Urbanek, Henning Vahlbruch, Michele Vallisneri, Steve Vass, Ruslan Vaulin, Miltos Vavoulidis, Anna-Maria A van Veggel, Peter J. Veitch, Christian Veltkamp, Didier Verkindt, Akira E. Villar, Jean-Yves Vinet, Cheryl Vorvick, Sergey Vyatchanin, Samuel J. Waldman, Larry Wallace, Michal Was, Andreas Weidner, Michael Weinert, Shyang Wen, Bernard F Whiting, Carol Ann Wilkinson, Phil A. Willems, Hannah R. Williams, Luke Williams, Ian Wilmut, Lutz Winkelmann, Walter Winkler, Christopher C. Wipf, Alan G. Wiseman, Rusyl Wooley, John Worden, Wan Wu, Igor V. Yakushin, Zewu Yan, Sanichiro Yoshida, Michel Yvert, Michele Zanolin, Liyuan Zhang, Natalia Zotov, Michael E Zucker, Maddalena Mantovani, Fabio Marchesoni, Filippo Martelli, Riccardo Sturani, Roberto Terenzi, Richard Abbott, Joshua R. Smith, James A. Clark, Rakesh Kumar, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Harry Ward

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